Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma, 730 Van Vleet Oval, Norman, OK 73019, USA.
Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma, 730 Van Vleet Oval, Norman, OK 73019, USA
J Exp Biol. 2020 Feb 7;223(Pt Suppl 1):jeb206433. doi: 10.1242/jeb.206433.
Lampreys and hagfishes are the only surviving relicts of an ancient but ecologically dominant group of jawless fishes that evolved in the seas of the Cambrian era over half a billion years ago. Because of their phylogenetic position as the sister group to all other vertebrates (jawed vertebrates), comparisons of embryonic development between jawless and jawed vertebrates offers researchers in the field of evolutionary developmental biology the unique opportunity to address fundamental questions related to the nature of our earliest vertebrate ancestors. Here, we describe how genetic analysis of embryogenesis in the sea lamprey () has provided insight into the origin and evolution of developmental-genetic programs in vertebrates. We focus on recent work involving CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing to study gene regulatory mechanisms involved in the development and evolution of neural crest cells and new cell types in the vertebrate nervous system, and transient transgenic assays that have been instrumental in dissecting the evolution of -regulatory control of gene expression in vertebrates. Finally, we discuss the broad potential for these functional genomic tools to address previously unanswerable questions related to the evolution of genomic regulatory mechanisms as well as issues related to invasive sea lamprey population control.
七鳃鳗和盲鳗是无颚鱼古老但生态上占主导地位的残存物种，它们在 5 亿多年前的寒武纪时代的海洋中进化而来。由于它们作为所有其他有颚脊椎动物（有颚脊椎动物）的姐妹群在系统发育上的位置，无颚和有颚脊椎动物之间的胚胎发育比较为进化发育生物学领域的研究人员提供了一个独特的机会，可以解决与我们最早的脊椎动物祖先的性质有关的基本问题。在这里，我们描述了海七鳃鳗 () 胚胎发生的遗传分析如何为脊椎动物发育遗传程序的起源和进化提供了见解。我们重点介绍了最近涉及 CRISPR/Cas9 介导的基因组编辑的工作，以研究神经嵴细胞发育和脊椎动物神经系统中新细胞类型的基因调控机制，以及在解析基因调控的进化中非常重要的瞬时转基因分析 - 在脊椎动物中的表达。最后，我们讨论了这些功能基因组工具在解决与基因组调控机制进化以及与入侵海七鳃鳗种群控制有关的问题相关的以前无法回答的问题方面的广泛潜力。
