Department of Exercise Physiology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.
Department of Exercise Physiology, Ferdowsi university of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
Exp Gerontol. 2020 May;133:110869. doi: 10.1016/j.exger.2020.110869. Epub 2020 Feb 5.
Due to the important role of follistatin (FLST), myostatin (MSTN) and growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11) in muscle mass regulation; alterations in the FLST to MSTN ratio (F:M) may result in muscle mass changes in response to different concurrent training (CT) order. This study investigated the influence of 8 weeks of CT order on body composition and serum concentrations of FLST, MSTN, their ratio (F:M) and GDF11 in sarcopenic elderly men.
Thirty sarcopenic elderly men (age = 64.3 ± 3.5 years) were randomly assigned into one of three groups, endurance followed by resistance training (E + R; n = 10), resistance followed by endurance training (R + E; n = 10) or control (C; n = 10). Serum concentrations of muscle regulatory markers, body composition, maximum rate of oxygen consumption (VO), and upper and lower body strength were evaluated at baseline and after 8 weeks. The training protocol consisted of three training sessions per week for eight weeks.
There were significant group-by-time interactions (P < 0.05) for FLST, MSTN, GDF11 and F:M ratio. FLST (E + R = 187 pg/mL and R + E = 292 pg/mL) and F:M ratio (E + R = 0.20 and R + E = 0.27) significantly increased (P < 0.05) while MSTN (E + R = -308 pg/mL and R + E = -294 pg/mL) and GDF11 (E + R = -12 pg/mL and R + E = -10 pg/mL) significantly decreased (P < 0.05) following eight weeks in the E + R and R + E compared to no changes in the C group. In addition, there were significant group x time interactions (P < 0.01) for weight, BMI, body fat percentage (BFP), skeletal muscle mass (SMM), VO, upper body strength, and lower body strength. BFP (E + R = -1.5% and R + E = -2%) significantly decreased (P < 0.01) while weight (E + R = 2.4 kg and R + E = 1.1 kg), BMI (E + R = 0.8 kg/m and R + E = 0.3 kg/m), SMM (E + R = 0.7 kg and R + E = 0.5 kg), VO (E + R = 2.0 mL/kg/min and R + E = 1.8 mL/kg/min), upper body strength (E + R = 6.9 kg and R + E = 2.3 kg), and lower body strength (E + R = 9.8 kg and R + E = 4.4 kg) significantly increased (P < 0.01) in the E + R and R + E compared to no changes in the C group.
CT increases the F:M ratio and FLST as well as reducing MSTN and GDF11 in sarcopenic elderly men. Additionally, CT improved weight, body composition, muscle mass, function, and aerobic fitness. Notably, these results after CT were achieved irrespective of endurance and resistance exercise order in this population.
由于卵泡抑素 (FLST)、肌肉生长抑制素 (MSTN) 和生长分化因子 11 (GDF11) 在肌肉质量调节中的重要作用，FLST 与 MSTN 比值 (F:M) 的变化可能导致肌肉质量在不同的联合训练 (CT) 顺序下发生变化。本研究旨在探讨 8 周 CT 顺序对肌肉减少症老年男性身体成分和血清卵泡抑素、肌肉生长抑制素、它们的比值 (F:M) 和生长分化因子 11 浓度的影响。
30 名肌肉减少症老年男性（年龄=64.3±3.5 岁）被随机分为三组，分别为耐力训练后进行抗阻训练组（E+R；n=10）、抗阻训练后进行耐力训练组（R+E；n=10）或对照组（C；n=10）。在基线和 8 周后评估血清肌肉调节标志物、身体成分、最大耗氧量 (VO) 和上下肢力量。训练方案为每周三次，共 8 周。
FLST、MSTN、GDF11 和 F:M 比值的组间时间交互作用有显著差异（P<0.05）。FLST（E+R=187pg/mL 和 R+E=292pg/mL）和 F:M 比值（E+R=0.20 和 R+E=0.27）显著升高（P<0.05），而 MSTN（E+R=-308pg/mL 和 R+E=-294pg/mL）和 GDF11（E+R=-12pg/mL 和 R+E=-10pg/mL）显著降低（P<0.05）。8 周后，E+R 和 R+E 组与 C 组相比，体重、BMI、体脂百分比（BFP）、骨骼肌质量（SMM）、VO、上肢力量和下肢力量均有显著的组间时间交互作用（P<0.01）。BFP（E+R=-1.5% 和 R+E=-2%）显著降低（P<0.01），而体重（E+R=2.4kg 和 R+E=1.1kg）、BMI（E+R=0.8kg/m 和 R+E=0.3kg/m）、SMM（E+R=0.7kg 和 R+E=0.5kg）、VO（E+R=2.0mL/kg/min 和 R+E=1.8mL/kg/min）、上肢力量（E+R=6.9kg 和 R+E=2.3kg）和下肢力量（E+R=9.8kg 和 R+E=4.4kg）显著增加（P<0.01）。
CT 可增加 F:M 比值和 FLST，降低肌肉减少症老年男性的 MSTN 和 GDF11。此外，CT 还可改善体重、身体成分、肌肉质量、功能和有氧健身能力。值得注意的是，在该人群中，无论 CT 的耐力和抗阻运动顺序如何，这些结果均有所改善。
