Matta Joane, Carette Claire, Zins Marie, Goldberg Marcel, Lemogne Cédric, Czernichow Sebastien
INSERM, Population-based Epidemiological Cohorts, UMS 011, Villejuif, France.
AP-HP.Centre-Université de Paris, Hôpital européen Georges-Pompidou, Service de Nutrition, Paris, France.
J Psychosom Res. 2020 Apr;131:109938. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2020.109938. Epub 2020 Jan 22.
Self-rated health and depressive symptoms have been shown to improve upon retirement. Participants with obesity might benefit more of retirement because of the extra work-related burden they are carrying. The present study aimed to investigate whether the association between retirement and health changes may depend upon obesity in the large French GAZEL occupational cohort during 21 years of follow-up.
17,655 men and women were included in the analyses. Self-rated health was measured on a scale from 1 to 8 with 8 being very bad. Depressive symptoms were measured at four time points by the CES-D score. Mixed models examined the association of self-rated health or depressive symptoms with time (i.e. from -10 years before to +10 years after retirement), retirement, body mass index (BMI), and their interactions.
Regardless of retirement, BMI was associated with poorer health. Positive BMI by time interactions showed a less favorable time course of both health indicators in the presence versus the absence of obesity (0.024 versus 0.014 and - 0.19 versus -0.07 points per year for self-rated health and depressive symptoms, respectively). However, negative BMI by retirement interactions showed that the improvement of health observed upon retirement was stronger in with the presence versus the absence of obesity (-0.4 versus -0.3 and - 2.42 versus -1.70 points for self-rated health and depressive symptoms, respectively).
Improvement upon retirement was observed in the presence of obesity and was even higher than in the presence of normal weight and overweight.
自评健康状况和抑郁症状在退休后会有所改善。肥胖参与者可能因承担额外的工作相关负担而从退休中获益更多。本研究旨在调查在长达21年的随访期间，法国大型GAZEL职业队列中退休与健康变化之间的关联是否可能取决于肥胖情况。
17655名男性和女性纳入分析。自评健康状况采用1至8分的量表进行测量，8分表示非常差。抑郁症状通过CES-D评分在四个时间点进行测量。混合模型检验了自评健康状况或抑郁症状与时间（即退休前10年至退休后10年）、退休、体重指数（BMI）及其相互作用之间的关联。
无论是否退休，BMI都与较差的健康状况相关。BMI与时间的正向交互作用表明，存在肥胖与不存在肥胖相比，两种健康指标的时间进程都不太有利（自评健康状况和抑郁症状分别为每年0.024分对0.014分以及 -0.19分对 -0.07分）。然而，BMI与退休的负向交互作用表明，退休后观察到的健康改善在存在肥胖与不存在肥胖的情况下更强（自评健康状况和抑郁症状分别为 -0.4分对 -0.3分以及 -2.42分对 -1.70分）。
在存在肥胖的情况下观察到退休后健康状况有所改善，且甚至高于正常体重和超重的情况。
