Liu Huei-Mei, Chien Hsin-Yiu
Department of Special Education, National Taiwan Normal University , Taipei, Taiwan.
Institute for Research Excellence in Learning Sciences, National Taiwan Normal University , Taiwan.
Clin Linguist Phon. 2020 Dec 1;34(12):1130-1148. doi: 10.1080/02699206.2020.1724334. Epub 2020 Feb 10.
This study examined the occurrence and types of speech sound errors in Mandarin-speaking children and compared those with co-occurring developmental language disorder (DLD) and speech sound disorders (SSDs) to those with SSD only and those with no DLD or SSD. The participants were 64 four-year-old Mandarin-speaking children, including 20 age-matched children with co-occurring SSD and LI (SSD + DLD), 20 with SSD only, and 24 with no DLD or SSD (typical development [TD]). Speech samples from a list of 20 pictures of common objects and animals were elicited in a picture-naming task. One speech-language therapist transcribed and analysed consonant production accuracy and coded speech errors into the types of substitution, omission, distortion, and addition and phonological processes into typical and atypical sound changes. The interrater reliability of consonant production analysis was checked by another experienced speech-language pathologist. Children with co-occurring SSD and DLD demonstrated the least accuracy of speech production among the three groups of children. Children with co-occurring SSD and DLD showed more frequent use of substitutions, omissions, typical sound changes (i.e. stopping of affricates, stopping of fricatives, deaspiration), and atypical sound changes (i.e. initial consonant deletion, fronting, affrication of stops) than children with SSD only, while no significant difference between the SSD and TD groups was observed in omission error types and atypical sound changes. These results suggest that the disorders in speech sound production in children with SSD and DLD may be associated with underlying phonological-linguistic processing.
本研究调查了说普通话儿童语音错误的发生情况和类型，并将同时患有发育性语言障碍（DLD）和语音障碍（SSD）的儿童与仅患有SSD的儿童以及未患DLD或SSD的儿童进行了比较。参与者为64名4岁说普通话的儿童，其中包括20名年龄匹配、同时患有SSD和语言障碍（LI）的儿童（SSD + DLD），20名仅患有SSD的儿童，以及24名未患DLD或SSD的儿童（典型发育[TD]）。在图片命名任务中，从20张常见物体和动物的图片列表中引出语音样本。一名言语治疗师对辅音发音准确性进行转录和分析，并将语音错误编码为替代、省略、歪曲和添加类型，以及将音系过程编码为典型和非典型的语音变化。另一位经验丰富的言语病理学家检查了辅音发音分析的评分者间信度。在三组儿童中，同时患有SSD和DLD的儿童语音产生的准确性最低。与仅患有SSD的儿童相比，同时患有SSD和DLD的儿童更频繁地使用替代、省略、典型语音变化（即塞擦音清音化、擦音清音化、送气音消失）和非典型语音变化（即词首辅音缺失、前移、塞音擦音化），而在省略错误类型和非典型语音变化方面，SSD组和TD组之间未观察到显著差异。这些结果表明，患有SSD和DLD的儿童语音产生障碍可能与潜在的音系-语言处理有关。
