Anesthetic management of catheter-based patent ductus arteriosus closure in neonates weighing <3 kg: A Retrospective Observational Study.

BACKGROUND

The patent ductus arteriosus is a cardiac lesion commonly found in premature neonates. Though surgical closure via thoracotomy is the most definitive treatment option, it is associated with significant morbidity. New catheter-based closure options offer a potentially safer alternative treatment, even in premature neonates. However, no literature reports the anesthetic techniques, challenges, and risks associated with this procedure in this population.

AIM

This study documents the anesthetic challenges and potential complications associated with the management of catheter-based closure of the ductus arteriosus in neonates under 3 kg.

METHODS

This single-center, retrospective study examined patients who underwent catheter-based ductus arteriosus closure between August 2015 and February 2019. A clinical protocol for anesthetic management of these patients was utilized throughout the study period. Clinical outcomes considered were new hemodynamic instability or vasoactive medication requirements, hypothermia, prolonged intubation (>3 days postoperatively), postprocedure acute kidney injury, perioperative red blood cell transfusion, and accidental extubation.

RESULTS

Seventy-six neonates underwent 78 procedures. No patient developed perioperative hemodynamic instability, vasoactive medication requirements, or acute kidney injury. Four patients (5%) required red blood cell transfusion, two (3%) became hypothermic, and one (1%) was accidentally extubated. Closure was achieved in 73 patients (96%) on the first attempt. However, 17 patients (40%) required prolonged periods of mechanical ventilation following the procedure.

CONCLUSION

Despite multiple clinical and logistical challenges, anesthetic risk associated with catheter-based PDA closure in small neonates can be effectively managed through standardized and multidisciplinary care.