University of Canterbury, Private Bag, Christchurch, 4800, New Zealand.
J Bioeth Inq. 2020 Mar;17(1):121-131. doi: 10.1007/s11673-019-09950-0. Epub 2020 Feb 10.
Disputes between separated couples over whether frozen embryos can be used in an attempt to create a child create a moral dilemma for public policy. When a couple create embryos intending to parent any resulting children, New Zealand's current policy requires the consent of both people at every stage of the ART process. New Zealand's Advisory Committee on Assisted Reproductive Technology has proposed a policy change that would give ex-partners involved in an embryo dispute twelve months to come to an agreement before the embryos are destroyed. New Zealand's current policy and the proposed policy both favour the person who wishes to avoid procreation. Two alternative policy approaches that do not favour procreative avoidance are considered. Using pre-fertilisation contracts to determine the decision reached in embryo disputes allows the couple's wishes at the time the embryos are created to determine what happens to the embryos if they separate. However, pre-fertilisation contracts are agreements about healthcare and personal relationships, and changing circumstances can make enforcing such agreements unjust. Finally, it is argued that New Zealand's Family Court system should be used to reach decisions that balance the interests of those involved in the dispute.
对于冷冻胚胎是否可以用于尝试生育子女，离异夫妻之间的争议给公共政策带来了道德困境。当一对夫妇创造胚胎，打算生育任何由此产生的孩子时，新西兰目前的政策要求在 ART 过程的每个阶段都得到双方的同意。新西兰辅助生殖技术咨询委员会提出了一项政策变更，将涉及胚胎争议的前伴侣有十二个月的时间来达成协议，否则胚胎将被销毁。新西兰目前的政策和拟议的政策都倾向于希望避免生育的人。考虑了两种不赞成生育回避的替代政策方法。使用受精前合同来确定胚胎争议中达成的决定，允许在创造胚胎时确定如果夫妇分开，胚胎的去向。然而，受精前合同是关于医疗保健和人际关系的协议，情况的变化可能使执行此类协议变得不公正。最后，有人认为，新西兰家庭法院系统应该用于做出平衡争议各方利益的决定。
