Algren Maria Holst, Ekholm Ola, Nielsen Line, Ersbøll Annette Kjær, Bak Carsten Kronborg, Andersen Pernille Tanggaard
National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark.
Unit of Strategy and Analysis, Region of Southern Denmark, Denmark.
SSM Popul Health. 2020 Jan 20;10:100546. doi: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2020.100546. eCollection 2020 Apr.
The importance of social isolation and loneliness on our health is widely recognised in previous research. This study compares loneliness in deprived neighbourhood with that in the general population. It further examines whether social isolation and loneliness are associated with health-risk behaviours (including low intake of fruit or vegetables, daily smoking, high-risk alcohol intake, and physical inactivity and their co-occurrence) in deprived neighbourhoods, and whether social isolation and loneliness modify the associations between socioeconomic status and health-risk behaviours. Cross-sectional data from 5113 residents of 12 deprived neighbourhoods in Denmark were analysed using multiple logistic regression. Data on 14,686 individuals from the nationally representative Danish Health and Morbidity Survey 2010 were used as a comparison group with regard to loneliness. Cohabitation status, frequency of meeting with family and friends, participation in voluntary work were used as an indicator to measure social isolation. A question on feeling often unwillingly alone was used as an indicator to measure loneliness. Compared with the general population, residents of deprived neighbourhoods had higher odds of loneliness. Both social isolation and loneliness were significantly associated with higher odds of health-risk behaviour. When social isolation and loneliness were combined with low socioeconomic status, strong associations with health-risk behaviours were found. Social isolation and loneliness did not significantly modify the associations between socioeconomic status and health-risk behaviour. The findings in this study have important implications for the future planning of health promotion intervention programmes aimed to reduce health-risk behaviour in deprived neighbourhoods.
社会隔离和孤独对我们健康的重要性在以往研究中已得到广泛认可。本研究比较了贫困社区居民与普通人群的孤独感。它进一步探讨了社会隔离和孤独是否与贫困社区的健康风险行为（包括水果或蔬菜摄入量低、每日吸烟、高风险饮酒、身体活动不足及其共现情况）相关，以及社会隔离和孤独是否会改变社会经济地位与健康风险行为之间的关联。使用多重逻辑回归分析了来自丹麦12个贫困社区5113名居民的横断面数据。来自具有全国代表性的2010年丹麦健康与发病率调查的14686人的数据被用作孤独感方面的对照组。同居状况、与家人和朋友见面的频率、参与志愿工作被用作衡量社会隔离的指标。一个关于经常感到不情愿孤独的问题被用作衡量孤独感的指标。与普通人群相比，贫困社区居民感到孤独的几率更高。社会隔离和孤独都与健康风险行为几率较高显著相关。当社会隔离和孤独与低社会经济地位相结合时，发现与健康风险行为有很强的关联。社会隔离和孤独并没有显著改变社会经济地位与健康风险行为之间的关联。本研究结果对未来旨在减少贫困社区健康风险行为的健康促进干预项目规划具有重要意义。
