Alschuler Kevin N, Krabak Brian J, Kratz Anna L, Jensen Mark P, Pomeranz Dave, Burns Patrick, Bautz Joshua, Nordeen Claire, Irwin Crystal, Lipman Grant S
Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.
Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Department of Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.
Wilderness Environ Med. 2020 Mar;31(1):23-30. doi: 10.1016/j.wem.2019.10.007. Epub 2020 Feb 7.
Ultramarathon runners commonly endure musculoskeletal pain during endurance events. However, the effect of pain coping skills on performance has not been examined.
A prospective observational study during three 250 km (155 mi), 6 stage ultramarathons was conducted. Finish line surveys were completed after each of the four 40 km (25 mi) and one 80 km (50 mi) stages of racing. Variables gathered included pain intensity, pain coping strategy use, pain interference, finishing position (quintile), and successful race completion.
A total of 204 participants (age 41.4±10.3 y; 73% male) reported average pain intensity of 3.9 (±2.0 SD) and worst pain intensity of 5.3 (±2.3) on a 0 to 10 scale. They used greater adaptive pain coping strategies (3.0±1.3) relative to maladaptive strategies (1.3±1.1). Worst pain and pain interference increased over each stage of the race for all runners (P<0.001), with worst pain being significantly different by finishing status (P=0.02). Although all runners endured increased pain and interference, the nonfinishers (28 [14%]) had significantly greater differences in changes in pain intensity (P<0.01) and pain interference (P<0.001). Maladaptive pain coping strategies were more common in nonfinishers; with each 1-point increase (0-6 scale), there was a 3 times increase in odds of not finishing the race.
Although increased pain intensity and pain interference was found in all multistage ultramarathon runners, successful event completion was significantly associated with less maladaptive pain coping. Training in coping with pain may be a beneficial part of ultramarathon preparation.
超级马拉松运动员在耐力赛事中常常会忍受肌肉骨骼疼痛。然而，疼痛应对技巧对运动表现的影响尚未得到研究。
对三场250公里（155英里）、6个赛段的超级马拉松赛事进行了一项前瞻性观察研究。在四个40公里（25英里）赛段和一个80公里（50英里）赛段的比赛结束后，完成终点线调查。收集的变量包括疼痛强度、疼痛应对策略的使用、疼痛干扰、完赛名次（五分位数）以及成功完成比赛情况。
共有204名参与者（年龄41.4±10.3岁；73%为男性）报告在0至10分的量表上平均疼痛强度为3.9（±2.0标准差），最严重疼痛强度为5.3（±2.3）。相对于适应不良策略（1.3±1.1），他们使用了更多的适应性疼痛应对策略（3.0±1.3）。所有跑步者在比赛的每个阶段，最严重疼痛和疼痛干扰均有所增加（P<0.001），最严重疼痛在完赛状态方面存在显著差异（P=0.02）。尽管所有跑步者都忍受了疼痛和干扰的增加，但未完成比赛者（28人[14%]）在疼痛强度变化（P<0.01）和疼痛干扰变化（P<0.001）方面的差异显著更大。适应不良的疼痛应对策略在未完成比赛者中更为常见；在0至6分量表上每增加1分，未完成比赛的几率就会增加3倍。
尽管在所有多赛段超级马拉松运动员中都发现疼痛强度和疼痛干扰有所增加，但成功完成赛事与较少的适应不良疼痛应对显著相关。疼痛应对训练可能是超级马拉松准备工作的有益组成部分。
