Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Department of Veterans Affairs, Northern California Health Care System, and the University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA.
Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2011 Mar;6(1):25-37. doi: 10.1123/ijspp.6.1.25.
Despite increased 161-km ultramarathon participation in recent years, little is known about those who pursue such an activity. This study surveyed entrants in two of the largest 161-km trail ultramarathon runs in North America to explore demographic characteristics and issues that affected race performance.
All entries of the 2009 Western States Endurance Run and the Vermont 100 Endurance Race were invited to complete a postrace questionnaire.
There were 500 respondents among the 701 race entries (71.3% response). Finish time was found to have a significant (P ≤ .01) negative association with training volume and was generally directly associated with body mass index. Among nonfinishers, the primary reason for dropping out was nausea and/or vomiting (23.0%). Finishers compared with nonfinishers were more likely (P ≤ .02) to report blisters (40.1% vs 17.3%), muscle pain (36.5% vs 20.1%), and exhaustion (23.1% vs 13.7%) as adversely affecting race performance, but nausea and/or vomiting was similar between groups (36.8% vs 39.6%). Nausea and/or vomiting was no more common among those using nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), those participating in the event with higher ambient temperatures, those with a lower training volume, or those with less experience at finishing 161-km races. Overall use of NSAIDs was high, and greater (P = .006) among finishers (60.5%) than nonfinishers (46.4%).
From this study, we conclude that primary performance-limiting issues in 161-km ultramarathons include nausea and/or vomiting, blisters, and muscle pain, and there is a disturbingly high use of NSAIDs in these events.
尽管近年来参加 161 公里超长马拉松比赛的人数有所增加，但对于参加此类活动的人却知之甚少。本研究调查了北美两项最大的 161 公里越野马拉松比赛中的参赛选手，以探讨人口统计学特征和影响比赛表现的因素。
邀请 2009 年西部耐力赛和佛蒙特 100 耐力赛的所有参赛选手完成赛后问卷调查。
在 701 名参赛选手中，有 500 名选手做出了回应（回应率为 71.3%）。完赛时间与训练量呈显著负相关（P≤0.01），且与体重指数呈正相关。在未完赛者中，退赛的主要原因是恶心和/或呕吐（23.0%）。与未完赛者相比，完赛者更有可能报告水泡（40.1%比 17.3%）、肌肉疼痛（36.5%比 20.1%）和精疲力竭（23.1%比 13.7%）对比赛成绩有负面影响，但两组恶心和/或呕吐的发生率相似（36.8%比 39.6%）。使用非甾体抗炎药（NSAIDs）、比赛时环境温度较高、训练量较低或完成 161 公里比赛经验较少的人群中，恶心和/或呕吐并不更常见。总体上 NSAIDs 的使用频率较高，且完赛者（60.5%）高于未完赛者（46.4%）（P=0.006）。
本研究表明，161 公里超长马拉松比赛中的主要表现限制因素包括恶心和/或呕吐、水泡和肌肉疼痛，并且在这些赛事中广泛使用非甾体抗炎药。
