McCarley Jason S, Leggett Nathan, Enright Alison
2694 Oregon State University, Corvallis, USA.
1065 Flinders University, Australia.
Hum Factors. 2021 Jun;63(4):696-705. doi: 10.1177/0018720820902347. Epub 2020 Feb 11.
The aim was to test the value of shared gaze as a way to improve team performance in a visual monitoring task.
Teams outperform individuals in monitoring tasks, but fall short of achievable levels. Shared-gaze displays offer a potential method of improving team efficiency. Within a shared-gaze arrangement, operators collaborate on a visual task, and each team member's display includes a cursor to represent the other teammates' point of regard. Past work has suggested that shared gaze allows operators to better communicate and coordinate their attentional scanning in a visual search task. The current experiments sought to replicate and extend earlier findings of inefficient team performance in a visual monitoring task, and asked whether shared gaze would improve team efficiency.
Participants performed a visual monitoring task framed as a sonar operation. Displays were matrices of luminance patches varying in intensity. The participants' task was to monitor for occasional critical signals, patches of high luminance. In Experiment 1, pairs of participants performed the task independently, or working as teams. In Experiment 2, teams of two participants performed the task with or without shared-gaze displays.
In Experiment 1, teams detected more critical signals than individuals, but were statistically inefficient; detection rates were lower than predicted by a control model that assumed pairs of operators searching in isolation. In Experiment 2, shared gaze failed to increase target detection rates.
Operators collaborate inefficiently in visual monitoring tasks, and shared gaze does not improve their performance.
测试共享注视作为一种提高视觉监测任务中团队绩效的方法的价值。
在监测任务中，团队的表现优于个体，但未达到可实现的水平。共享注视显示器提供了一种提高团队效率的潜在方法。在共享注视安排中，操作员协作完成视觉任务，每个团队成员的显示器上都有一个光标来代表其他队友的注视点。过去的研究表明，共享注视能让操作员在视觉搜索任务中更好地沟通和协调他们的注意力扫描。当前的实验试图复制并扩展早期关于视觉监测任务中团队绩效低下的研究结果，并探讨共享注视是否能提高团队效率。
参与者执行一项被设定为声纳操作的视觉监测任务。显示器是由强度不同的亮度斑块组成的矩阵。参与者的任务是监测偶尔出现的关键信号，即高亮度斑块。在实验1中，参与者成对独立执行任务，或作为团队执行任务。在实验2中，两名参与者组成的团队在有或没有共享注视显示器的情况下执行任务。
在实验1中，团队比个体检测到更多的关键信号，但在统计学上效率低下；检测率低于假设操作员成对单独搜索的控制模型所预测的水平。在实验2中，共享注视未能提高目标检测率。
操作员在视觉监测任务中的协作效率低下，共享注视并不能提高他们的表现。
