School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
Shanghai Environmental Monitoring Center, Shanghai, 200233, China.
Environ Pollut. 2020 Jun;261:114115. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114115. Epub 2020 Feb 5.
The air traffic growth at Shanghai Pudong International Airport (PVG) has attracted much concern over the potential impacts on local air quality and human health; however, the emission contributions due to aircraft activities, impact on air quality and health effects remain unclear. In this study, the ground operational data derived from the Aircraft Communication Addressing and Reporting System (ACARS) dataset are newly utilized to obtain the PVG-specific emission parameters of 10 distinct aircraft-engine combinations during the taxi-in and taxi-out phases of the landing and take-off (LTO) cycle. The resulting emission parameters, together with PVG-specific operational conditions, are applied to quantify the annual emissions in 2017 for main engines and auxiliary power units (APUs) at PVG, emission variations caused by mixing layer height, sensitivity of black carbon (BC) emissions to the estimation method and sensitivity of PM emissions to the fuel sulfur content (FSC). The results show noticeable discrepancies between the corrected fuel flows and NO emission indices (EIs) and those certified by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). The annual emissions of hydrocarbons (HC), CO, NO, NO, NO, HONO, HNO, NO, SO, SO, BC, organic carbon (OC) and PM with corrected emission parameters are 3.82 × 10 kg, 4.35 × 10 kg, 5.36 × 10 kg, 4.40 × 10 kg, 9.58 × 10 kg, 1.03 × 10 kg, 3.83 × 10 kg, 5.47 × 10 kg, 3.56 × 10 kg, 1.31 × 10 kg, 5.43 × 10 kg, 4.73 × 10 kg and 7.22 × 10 kg, respectively, while the application of the maximum height of the mixing layer contributes to emission increases as high as 16.9% (NO). An alternative estimation of BC emissions leads to an increase of 50% compared with first-order approximation 3 (FOA3), while a reduction in PM emissions can be expected by minimizing the FSC.
上海浦东国际机场 (PVG) 的空中交通增长引起了人们对当地空气质量和人类健康潜在影响的关注；然而，由于飞机活动造成的排放贡献、对空气质量的影响以及健康影响仍不清楚。在这项研究中，利用从飞机通信寻址与报告系统 (ACARS) 数据集获得的地面运行数据，获得了 10 种不同飞机发动机组合在着陆和起飞 (LTO) 循环的滑行和滑出阶段的特定于 PVG 的排放参数。将得到的排放参数与特定于 PVG 的运行条件一起应用于量化 2017 年主要发动机和辅助动力装置 (APU) 在 PVG 的年排放量、混合层高度引起的排放变化、黑碳 (BC) 排放对估计方法的敏感性以及 PM 排放对燃料硫含量 (FSC) 的敏感性。结果表明，经修正的燃料流量和氮氧化物排放指数 (EI) 与国际民用航空组织 (ICAO) 认证的燃料流量和氮氧化物排放指数之间存在显著差异。用修正后的排放参数计算得到的碳氢化合物 (HC)、一氧化碳 (CO)、氮氧化物 (NO)、二氧化氮 (NO)、二氧化氮 (NO)、一氮化氮 (HONO)、硝酸 (HNO)、二氧化氮 (NO)、二氧化硫 (SO)、三氧化硫 (SO)、黑碳 (BC)、有机碳 (OC) 和 PM 的年排放量分别为 3.82×10kg、4.35×10kg、5.36×10kg、4.40×10kg、9.58×10kg、1.03×10kg、3.83×10kg、5.47×10kg、3.56×10kg、1.31×10kg、5.43×10kg、4.73×10kg 和 7.22×10kg，而混合层最大高度的应用使排放增加高达 16.9%（NO）。BC 排放量的替代估计值与一阶近似值 3 (FOA3) 相比增加了 50%，而通过将燃料硫含量最小化可以减少 PM 排放。
