Robertson Nicole M, Kayongo Alex, Siddharthan Trishul, Pollard Suzanne L, Villalobos Jose Gomez, Ladd-Acosta Christine, Kirenga Bruce, Checkley William
Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore,MD, USA.
Center for Global Non-Communicable Disease Research and Training, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore,MD, USA.
Glob Health Epidemiol Genom. 2019 Nov 26;4:e8. doi: 10.1017/gheg.2019.7.
As urbanization increases in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), urban populations will be increasingly exposed to a range of environmental risk factors for non-communicable diseases. Inadequate living conditions in urban settings may influence mechanisms that regulate gene expression, leading to the development of non-communicable respiratory diseases. We conducted a systematic review of the literature to assess the relationship between respiratory health and epigenetic factors to urban environmental exposures observed in LMICs using MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE, and Google Scholar searching a combination of the terms: epigenetics, chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs), lung development, chronic obstructive airway disease, and asthma. A total of 2835 articles were obtained, and 48 articles were included in this review. We found that environmental factors during early development are related to epigenetic effects that may be associated with a higher risk of CRDs. Epigenetic dysregulation of gene expression of the histone deacetylase (HDAC) and histone acetyltransferase gene families was likely involved in lung health of slum dwellers. Respiratory-related environmental exposures influence HDAC function and deoxyribonucleic acid methylation and are important risk factors in the development of CRD. Additional epigenetic research is needed to improve our understanding of associations between environmental exposures and non-communicable respiratory diseases.
随着低收入和中等收入国家（LMICs）城市化进程的加快，城市人口将越来越多地暴露于一系列非传染性疾病的环境风险因素中。城市环境中恶劣的生活条件可能会影响调节基因表达的机制，从而导致非传染性呼吸道疾病的发生。我们对文献进行了系统综述，以评估在低收入和中等收入国家观察到的城市环境暴露与呼吸健康和表观遗传因素之间的关系，使用MEDLINE、PubMed、EMBASE和谷歌学术搜索了以下关键词组合：表观遗传学、慢性呼吸道疾病（CRD）、肺发育、慢性阻塞性气道疾病和哮喘。共获得2835篇文章，本综述纳入了48篇文章。我们发现，早期发育过程中的环境因素与表观遗传效应有关，这些效应可能与患慢性呼吸道疾病的较高风险相关。组蛋白脱乙酰酶（HDAC）和组蛋白乙酰转移酶基因家族基因表达的表观遗传失调可能与贫民窟居民的肺部健康有关。与呼吸相关的环境暴露会影响HDAC功能和脱氧核糖核酸甲基化，是慢性呼吸道疾病发生的重要风险因素。需要更多的表观遗传学研究来增进我们对环境暴露与非传染性呼吸道疾病之间关联的理解。
