USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Southeastern Fruit and Tree Nut Research Laboratory, Byron, GA.
Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS.
J Econ Entomol. 2020 Jun 6;113(3):1152-1157. doi: 10.1093/jee/toaa021.
The efficacy of sulfuryl fluoride was evaluated for control of fourth-instar pecan weevil, Curculio caryae (Horn), at 25°C for a 24-h exposure. Larvae, collected as they naturally emerged from pecans, were used to artificially infest pecan nuts. Infested nuts were fumigated with six concentration by time (CT) treatment dosages of sulfuryl fluoride (0-750 g-h/m3) within air-tight, glass containers. The sulfuryl fluoride concentration in each fumigation container was analyzed 30 min after sulfuryl fluoride introduction and just prior to termination of the experiment. Mean sulfuryl fluoride CT dosages were calculated from sulfuryl fluoride measurements and were used for probit analysis. The lethal accumulated dosage (LAD99) of sulfuryl fluoride for pecan weevil was 1052.0 g-h/m3 with a 95% C.I. of 683.21-2,573.0 g-h/m3. For the confirmatory trial, we used two sulfuryl fluoride CT dosage treatments, 1,100 and 1,300 g-h/m3, and a nonfumigated control. All larvae were dead in both fumigation treatments by 14-d postfumigation. Due to higher mortality in the nonfumigated control in the confirmatory trial compared to that of the dose-response trial, 1300 g-h/m3 was selected as the sulfuryl fluoride CT dosage for a proposed quarantine treatment schedule. Fumigating pecans with sulfuryl fluoride can control larval pecan weevil infestations in commercially traded nuts and maintain compliance with quarantine regulations both within and outside the United States.
在 25°C 下，24 小时暴露时间内，评估了氟硫酸酯对第四龄美洲山核桃象鼻虫（Curculio caryae （Horn））的控制效果。幼虫是从山核桃中自然孵化出来的，用于人工感染山核桃。将受感染的山核桃用六种浓度时间（CT）处理剂量的氟硫酸酯（0-750 g-h/m3）在密封的玻璃容器中熏蒸。在氟硫酸酯引入 30 分钟后和实验结束前，分析每个熏蒸容器中的氟硫酸酯浓度。从氟硫酸酯测量值计算出平均氟硫酸酯 CT 剂量，并用于概率分析。氟硫酸酯对美洲山核桃象鼻虫的致死累积剂量（LAD99）为 1052.0 g-h/m3，95%置信区间为 683.21-2573.0 g-h/m3。在确认试验中，我们使用了两个氟硫酸酯 CT 剂量处理，1100 和 1300 g-h/m3，以及一个未熏蒸的对照。所有幼虫在熏蒸处理后 14 天内均死亡。由于在确认试验中未熏蒸对照的死亡率高于剂量反应试验，因此选择 1300 g-h/m3 作为氟硫酸酯 CT 剂量，用于制定拟议的检疫处理时间表。用氟硫酸酯熏蒸山核桃可以控制商业交易山核桃中的幼虫山核桃象鼻虫感染，并符合美国内外的检疫法规。
