Barak A V, Wang Y, Zhan G, Wu Y, Xu L, Huang Q
USDA-APHIS-PPQ, Pest Survey, Detection and Exclusion Laboratory, Bldg. 1398, Otis ANGB, MA 02542-5008, USA.
J Econ Entomol. 2006 Oct;99(5):1628-35. doi: 10.1603/0022-0493-99.5.1628.
The Asian longhorned beetle, Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), was probably introduced into the United States from China with solid wood packing and dunnage during the 1980s, and it has recently become established in limited infestations near several major cities in the United States. Regulated wood packing material (RWPM) arriving in the United States from China is required to undergo fumigation with methyl bromide (MeBr), to be heat treated, or kiln dried. Sulfuryl fluoride (SF) is a candidate fumigant to replace MeBr under certain conditions. SF fumigations were conducted in 432-liter Lexan chambers held in a 6.1-m (20-foot) refrigerated container for temperature control. Each fumigation consisted of 12 Populus spp. 10- by 10- by 115-cm timbers, of high moisture content, naturally infested with Asian longhorned beetle. During 2001, we fumigated wood for 24 h at a range of doses (20-112 g/m3) and temperatures (4.4, 10.0, 15.6, and 21.1 degrees C) and subjected the data to probit analysis. Confirmatory fumigations were conducted at doses of 120 and 104 g/m3 at temperatures of 10.0 and 15.6 or 21.1 degrees C, respectively, which resulted in complete kill of all larvae. Pupae that became available later in the year as temperatures warmed were fumigated at 15.6 and 21.1 degrees C with 104 g/m3, which resulted in complete pupal mortality. The next year (2002), we conducted 24-h fumigations with doses of 116 g/m3 at 4.4 and 10.0 degrees C with cold-harvested wood infested with cold-acclimated larvae. Cold-acclimated larvae required much higher concentration times time (CxT) product for control at 4.4 and 10.0 degrees C compared with nonacclimated larvae. Sulfuryl fluoride treatments at a dose of 104 g/m3 and temperature of 15.6 degrees C and above and that achieved a CxT product of 1,095 g-h/m3 or above are recommended for RWPM infested with Asian longhorned beetle larvae and pupae.
亚洲长角天牛，光肩星天牛（Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky)）（鞘翅目：天牛科），可能于20世纪80年代随实木包装和垫木从中国传入美国，最近在美国几个主要城市附近已在有限的区域定殖。从中国运往美国的受管制木质包装材料（RWPM）必须用溴甲烷（MeBr）熏蒸、进行热处理或窑干。在某些条件下，硫酰氟（SF）是替代MeBr的一种熏蒸剂候选物。硫酰氟熏蒸在一个6.1米（20英尺）冷藏集装箱内的432升聚碳酸酯试验箱中进行，以控制温度。每次熏蒸包括12根杨树属植物的木材，规格为10×10×115厘米，含水率高，自然感染了亚洲长角天牛。在2001年，我们在一系列剂量（20 - 112克/立方米）和温度（4.4、10.0、15.6和21.1摄氏度）下对木材熏蒸24小时，并对数据进行了概率分析。在10.0和15.6或21.1摄氏度下，分别以120和104克/立方米的剂量进行了验证性熏蒸，结果所有幼虫全部死亡。随着当年后期温度升高出现的蛹，在15.6和21.1摄氏度下用104克/立方米进行熏蒸，结果蛹全部死亡。次年（2002年），我们对感染了冷驯化幼虫的冷收获木材，在4.4和10.0摄氏度下用116克/立方米的剂量进行了24小时熏蒸。与未驯化幼虫相比，冷驯化幼虫在4.4和10.0摄氏度下需要更高的浓度时间（CxT）乘积来进行防治。对于感染亚洲长角天牛幼虫和蛹的受管制木质包装材料，建议采用104克/立方米的剂量、15.6摄氏度及以上的温度进行硫酰氟处理，且CxT乘积达到1095克·小时/立方米及以上。
