Pharmacy College Saifai, Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Saifai, Etawah (U.P.), India.
Sir MadanLal Institute of Pharmacy, Etawah (U.P.), India.
Mini Rev Med Chem. 2020;20(10):886-907. doi: 10.2174/1389557520666200212105417.
Traditional cancer treatment includes surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and immunotherapy that are clinically beneficial, but are associated with drawbacks such as drug resistance and side effects. In quest for better treatment, many new molecular targets have been introduced in the last few decades. Finding new molecular mechanisms encourages researchers to discover new anticancer agents. Exploring the mechanism of action also facilitates anticipation of potential resistance mechanisms and optimization of rational combination therapies. The write up describes the leading molecular mechanisms for cancer therapy, including mTOR, tyrosine Wee1 kinase (WEE1), Janus kinases, PI3K/mTOR signaling pathway, serine/threonine protein kinase AKT, checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1), maternal embryonic leucine-zipper kinase (MELK), DNA methyltransferase I (DNMT1), poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP)-1/-2, sphingosine kinase-2 (SK2), pan-FGFR, inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP), murine double minute 2 (MDM2), Bcl-2 family protein and reactive oxygen species 1 (ROS1). Additionally, the manuscript reviews the anticancer drugs currently under clinical trials.
传统的癌症治疗包括手术、化疗、放疗和免疫治疗，这些方法在临床上是有益的，但也存在一些缺点，如耐药性和副作用。为了寻求更好的治疗方法，在过去几十年中引入了许多新的分子靶点。寻找新的分子机制鼓励研究人员发现新的抗癌药物。探索作用机制还有助于预测潜在的耐药机制和优化合理的联合治疗。本文描述了癌症治疗的主要分子机制，包括 mTOR、酪氨酸 Wee1 激酶（WEE1）、Janus 激酶、PI3K/mTOR 信号通路、丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶 AKT、检查点激酶 1（Chk1）、母胎亮氨酸拉链激酶（MELK）、DNA 甲基转移酶 I（DNMT1）、多聚（ADP-核糖）聚合酶 1/2（PARP-1/-2）、鞘氨醇激酶-2（SK2）、泛-FGFR、凋亡抑制剂（IAP）、鼠双微体 2（MDM2）、Bcl-2 家族蛋白和活性氧 1（ROS1）。此外，本文还回顾了目前正在进行临床试验的抗癌药物。
