Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea.
Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Research Institute for Agricultural and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08779, Korea.
Molecules. 2020 Feb 10;25(3):763. doi: 10.3390/molecules25030763.
Soybean () is a major crop cultivated in various regions and consumed globally. The formation of volatile compounds in soybeans is influenced by the cultivar as well as environmental factors, such as the climate and soil in the cultivation areas. This study used gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) combined by headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) to analyze the volatile compounds of soybeans cultivated in Korea, China, and North America. The multivariate data analysis of partial least square-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), and hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) were then applied to GC-MS data sets. The soybeans could be clearly discriminated according to their geographical origins on the PLS-DA score plot. In particular, 25 volatile compounds, including terpenes (limonene, myrcene), esters (ethyl hexanoate, butyl butanoate, butyl prop-2-enoate, butyl acetate, butyl propanoate), aldehydes (nonanal, heptanal, -hex-2-enal, -hept-2-enal, acetaldehyde) were main contributors to the discrimination of soybeans cultivated in China from those cultivated in other regions in the PLS-DA score plot. On the other hand, 15 volatile compounds, such as 2-ethylhexan-1-ol, 2,5-dimethylhexan-2-ol, octanal, and heptanal, were related to Korean soybeans located on the negative PLS 2 axis, whereas 12 volatile compounds, such as oct-1-en-3-ol, heptan-4-ol, butyl butanoate, and butyl acetate, were responsible for North American soybeans. However, the multivariate statistical analysis (PLS-DA) was not able to clearly distinguish soybeans cultivated in Korea, except for those from the Gyeonggi and Kyeongsangbuk provinces.
大豆是一种在不同地区广泛种植并在全球范围内消费的主要作物。大豆中挥发性化合物的形成受到品种以及环境因素（如种植区的气候和土壤）的影响。本研究使用气相色谱-质谱联用（GC-MS）结合顶空固相微萃取（HS-SPME）分析了在韩国、中国和北美种植的大豆中的挥发性化合物。偏最小二乘判别分析（PLS-DA）和层次聚类分析（HCA）的多变量数据分析应用于 GC-MS 数据集。根据 PLS-DA 得分图，大豆可以根据其地理来源清晰地区分。特别是，包括萜烯（柠檬烯、薄荷烯）、酯（己酸乙酯、丁酸丁酯、丁酸-2-丙烯酯、乙酸丁酯、丁酸丙酯）在内的 25 种挥发性化合物被认为是区分中国种植的大豆与其他地区种植的大豆的主要因素。另一方面，在 PLS-DA 得分图上，15 种挥发性化合物，如 2-乙基己-1-醇、2,5-二甲基己-2-醇、辛醛和庚醛，与位于负 PLS 2 轴上的韩国大豆有关，而 12 种挥发性化合物，如辛-1-烯-3-醇、庚-4-醇、丁酸丁酯和乙酸丁酯，则与北美大豆有关。然而，多元统计分析（PLS-DA）无法清楚地区分韩国种植的大豆，除了京畿道和庆尚北道的大豆。
