Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA.
Nat Rev Immunol. 2020 Aug;20(8):471-482. doi: 10.1038/s41577-020-0274-9. Epub 2020 Feb 12.
HIV infection can be effectively treated by lifelong administration of combination antiretroviral therapy, but an effective vaccine will likely be required to end the HIV epidemic. Although the majority of current vaccine strategies focus on the induction of neutralizing antibodies, there is substantial evidence that cellular immunity mediated by CD8 T cells can sustain long-term disease-free and transmission-free HIV control and may be harnessed to induce both therapeutic and preventive antiviral effects. In this Review, we discuss the increasing evidence derived from individuals who spontaneously control infection without antiretroviral therapy as well as preclinical immunization studies that provide a clear rationale for renewed efforts to develop a CD8 T cell-based HIV vaccine in conjunction with B cell vaccine efforts. Further, we outline the remaining challenges in translating these findings into viable HIV prevention, treatment and cure strategies.
HIV 感染可以通过终身接受联合抗逆转录病毒疗法进行有效治疗，但要终结 HIV 流行，可能还需要有效的疫苗。尽管目前大多数疫苗策略都集中在诱导中和抗体上，但有大量证据表明，CD8 T 细胞介导的细胞免疫可以持续控制长期无疾病和无传播的 HIV，并可用于诱导治疗和预防性抗病毒作用。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了一些个体在没有抗逆转录病毒治疗的情况下自发控制感染的证据，以及临床前免疫接种研究，这些研究为重新努力开发基于 CD8 T 细胞的 HIV 疫苗提供了明确的理由，同时也为 B 细胞疫苗的努力提供了明确的理由。此外，我们还概述了将这些发现转化为可行的 HIV 预防、治疗和治愈策略的剩余挑战。
