Finnish Centre for Pensions (ETK), Helsinki, Finland.
Eur J Public Health. 2020 Aug 1;30(4):807-811. doi: 10.1093/eurpub/ckz234.
This study looks at how previous disability retirement is associated with economic difficulties in covering the costs of everyday basic necessities in old age, and the extent to which the differences in economic difficulties between old-age pensioners with previous disability pension and other old-age pensioners are mediated by health, income and life satisfaction.
The survey data includes 2227 retirees aged 63-85 who were receiving old-age pension in 2017. A quarter of them had received a disability pension before their old-age pension. Economic difficulties were measured through a subjective assessment of how difficult it was to cover the following necessities: food, housing, medication, health services, transport, phone and internet use. The odds ratios and their 95%-confidence intervals were analyzed with ordered logistic regression models.
Old-age pensioners with previous disability retirement experienced more economic difficulties in covering cost of necessities than other old-age pensioners. The differences were especially large among those with a mental diagnosis. Health, pension income and life satisfaction attenuated the differences slightly. The fully adjusted odds ratio for having economic difficulties in covering the cost of medicine and health care among old-age pensioners with previous disability retirement due to mental disorders was 2.15 (95% CI 1.44-3.22) compared to other old-age pensioners without previous disability retirement.
Preventing disability retirement among working-age people diminishes the risk of economic difficulties in old age. More attention should be focussed especially on those with a high risk of disability retirement due to mental disorders.
本研究探讨了先前的残疾退休如何与老年时难以负担日常生活基本必需品的经济困难相关，以及健康、收入和生活满意度在多大程度上调解了有先前残疾养老金的老年养老金领取者与其他老年养老金领取者之间的经济困难差异。
调查数据包括 2017 年领取老年养老金的 2227 名 63-85 岁的退休人员。其中四分之一的人在领取老年养老金之前曾领取过残疾养老金。经济困难通过主观评估以下必需品的覆盖难度来衡量：食物、住房、药物、医疗服务、交通、电话和互联网使用。使用有序逻辑回归模型分析了比值比及其 95%置信区间。
有先前残疾退休经历的老年养老金领取者在负担生活必需品的费用方面比其他老年养老金领取者面临更大的经济困难。对于有精神诊断的人来说，差异尤其大。健康、养老金收入和生活满意度略微减轻了差异。与其他没有先前残疾退休的老年养老金领取者相比，由于精神障碍而有先前残疾退休的老年养老金领取者在负担药物和医疗保健费用方面存在经济困难的完全调整比值比为 2.15（95%CI 1.44-3.22）。
在工作年龄段预防残疾退休可降低老年时经济困难的风险。应特别关注那些因精神障碍而有较高残疾退休风险的人。
