Molecular epidemiology of virulent E. coli among rural small scale dairy herds and shops: Efficacy of selected marine algal extracts and disinfectants.

Virulent pathotypes of seriously affect the livestock regarding the misuse of antibiotics. All 180 samples collected from cow's environment and dairy shops in Qena, Egypt were serologically and molecularly positive for coliforms. Enteropathogenic  (EPEC), Shiga toxin-producing  (STEC), Enteroinvasive  (EIEC) and Enterotoxigenic  (ETEC) pathotypes were isolated from water and milk-related samples. STEC serogroups O26, O55, O111, O113, O145 were also recovered. The non-O157 STEC serotypes were recovered from human diarrheagenic patients contacting cattle or consuming contaminated water/milk products. and genes were detected in 25.5% and 100%, respectively. Disinfectants and algal extracts, identified by GC-MS, were evaluated in vitro for antibacterial activities. TH4+® disinfectant and methanol extract of reduced at 13 log10 at 1.5% and 3 mg/ml concentrations, respectively. Ag-NPs/ showed 8-9 log10 reduction at concentration of 1.6 × 10 NPs/ml. Examined water sources, milk and milk products were potential reservoirs for virulent antibiotic-resistant which may impose animal and public health threats. APEC: Avian pathogenic : β-lactamase inhibitors-Cefotaximase gene; : β-lactamase inhibitors-Temoneira gene; CFU: Colony-forming unit; DAEC: Diffusely adherent ; DEC: Diarrheagenic ; DEMSO: Dimethyl sulfoxide; : Intimin or attaching gene; EAEC: Enteroaggregative ; EHEC: Enterohemorrhagic ; EIEC: Enteroinvasive ; EOSQC: Egyptian Organization for Standardization and Quality Control; EPEC: Enteropathogenic ; ETEC: Enterotoxigenic ; ExPEC: Extra-intestinal pathogenic ; GC-MS: Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry technique; : Hemolysin gene; STEC: Shiga like producing : Shiga-toxin 1 gene; ESBLs: Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases.