Faculdade de Psicologia, CICPSI, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
Dental Hygiene Program, Politécnico de Portalegre, Escola Superior de Saúde de Portalegre, Portalegre, Portugal.
Int J Dent Hyg. 2020 May;18(2):192-200. doi: 10.1111/idh.12430. Epub 2020 Feb 27.
This study investigates the joint role of volitional predictors of oral hygiene behaviours of flossing and brushing in adults with gingivitis, framed by the Health Action Process Approach model (HAPA).
In a longitudinal online survey, 201 participants aged 18-75, of which 56.7% were women, completed assessments at baseline(T1), 2 weeks(T2) and 4 months(T3). Oral hygiene behaviours(OH) (brushing and flossing) and social cognitive determinants of behaviour in the HAPA: action and maintenance self-efficacy(ASE & MSE), intention(INT), coping planning(CP) and action control(AC) were evaluated. Structural equation modelling was used to test a series of three nested models. In Model 1, action self-efficacy would determine MSE and INT, and INT would determine OH; in Model 2, INT would determine both CP and AC and the two OH behaviours; and in Model 3, CP and AC would be sequential mediators between INT and OH.
Model 3, predicting a mediating process from intention to behaviour via coping planning and action control, showed the best fit according to the fit indices and explained more of the variance in dental hygiene. The mediating role of coping planning and action control between intention and oral hygiene behaviours was thus confirmed. Importantly, coping planning did not mediate between intention and oral hygiene behaviours, which means that oral hygiene intention influences action control through coping planning, and both sequentially mediate this influence on behaviour.
For individuals who are not yet following the recommendations for specific oral hygiene behaviours, coping planning and action control represent psychological mechanisms by which intentions are put into practice.
本研究旨在通过健康行动过程模型（HAPA），探讨在患有牙龈炎的成年人中，自愿性预测因子（牙线和刷牙的口腔卫生行为）的联合作用。
在一项纵向在线调查中，共有 201 名年龄在 18-75 岁之间的参与者完成了基线（T1）、2 周（T2）和 4 个月（T3）的评估。口腔卫生行为（刷牙和牙线）和 HAPA 中行为的社会认知决定因素：行动和维持自我效能（ASE 和 MSE）、意图（INT）、应对计划（CP）和行动控制（AC）进行了评估。结构方程模型用于测试一系列三个嵌套模型。在模型 1 中，行动自我效能感将决定 MSE 和 INT，INT 将决定 OH；在模型 2 中，INT 将决定 CP 和 AC 以及两种 OH 行为；在模型 3 中，CP 和 AC 将是 INT 和 OH 之间的连续中介。
根据拟合指数，模型 3 预测了从意图到行为的中介过程，通过应对计划和行动控制，对牙科卫生的解释更多，表明具有最佳拟合度。因此，证实了应对计划和行动控制在意图和口腔卫生行为之间的中介作用。重要的是，应对计划并没有在意图和口腔卫生行为之间发挥中介作用，这意味着口腔卫生意图通过应对计划影响行动控制，并且这两者依次对行为产生影响。
对于尚未遵循特定口腔卫生行为建议的个体，应对计划和行动控制代表了将意图付诸实践的心理机制。
