Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
Research Centre of Excellence, Nutrition and Non-Communicable Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
PLoS One. 2020 Feb 13;15(2):e0228803. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228803. eCollection 2020.
Serum vitamin D insufficiency is a public health issue, especially among older women. Sun exposure is fundamental in the production of vitamin D, but older women have less optimal sun exposure. Therefore, factors such as body composition and diet become more essential in sustaining sufficient serum levels of vitamin D. The objective of the current study is to determine factors contributing towards serum vitamin D insufficiency among 214 older women.
The respondents had their body weight, height, waist circumference and body fat percentage measured, as well as interviewed for their socio-demographic characteristics, sun exposure and dietary intake. Fasting blood samples were obtained from the respondents to measure their serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentration.
There were 82.7% (95% CI: 77.6%, 87.8%) of the respondents that had serum vitamin D insufficiency (< 50 nmol/L) with an average of 37.4 ± 14.3nmol/L. In stepwise multiple linear regression, high percentage of body fat (ß = -0.211, p <0.01) and low consumption of milk and dairy products (ß = 0.135, p <0.05) were the main contributors towards insufficient serum vitamin D levels, but not socio-demographic characteristics, other anthropometric indices, sun exposure and diet quality.
Older women with high body fat percentage and low dairy product consumption were more likely to have serum vitamin D insufficiency. Older women should ensure their body fat percentage is within a healthy range and consume more milk and dairy products in preventing serum vitamin D insufficiency.
血清维生素 D 不足是一个公共卫生问题，尤其是在老年女性中。阳光照射是维生素 D 产生的基础，但老年女性的阳光照射并不理想。因此，身体成分和饮食等因素对于维持足够的血清维生素 D 水平变得更为重要。本研究的目的是确定导致 214 名老年女性血清维生素 D 不足的因素。
对受访者的体重、身高、腰围和体脂百分比进行测量，并对其社会人口统计学特征、阳光暴露和饮食摄入进行访谈。从受访者中抽取空腹血样，以测量其血清 25-羟维生素 D [25(OH)D]浓度。
82.7%（95%CI：77.6%，87.8%）的受访者存在血清维生素 D 不足（<50nmol/L），平均血清 25(OH)D 浓度为 37.4±14.3nmol/L。逐步多元线性回归显示，体脂百分比高（β=-0.211，p<0.01）和牛奶及奶制品摄入量低（β=0.135，p<0.05）是导致血清维生素 D 水平不足的主要因素，但社会人口统计学特征、其他人体测量指标、阳光暴露和饮食质量不是主要因素。
体脂百分比高和牛奶及奶制品摄入量低的老年女性更有可能出现血清维生素 D 不足。老年女性应确保体脂百分比处于健康范围，并多食用牛奶和奶制品以预防血清维生素 D 不足。
