Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Durgapur, West Bengal, 713209, India.
Department of Environmental Science, Amity Institute of Applied Sciences, Amity University, Kolkata, 700135, India.
Environ Geochem Health. 2020 Dec;42(12):4159-4180. doi: 10.1007/s10653-020-00517-2. Epub 2020 Feb 13.
The present study aims to appraise the spatial distribution of potential toxic metals by using geostatistical technique and find their associated ecological and human health risks from surface soils of Durgapur industrial area, India. The results show that the mean metal concentrations are 116.03, 32.96, 154.37, 321.20, 50.08, 29.54 and 2.97 mg/kg for Pb, Cd, Cr, Fe, Cu, Ni and Hg, respectively, and majority of them is found higher than their background and world natural soil concentrations. The GIS contour map of pollution load index values clearly distinguished the studied sampling area is highly to very highly polluted by the toxic metals. Contamination factor (C) and geo-accumulation index (I) values of studied metals show a similar sequence of Hg > Cd > Pb > Fe > Cr > Ni > Cu. Calculated enrichment factor (EF) value for Hg (13.29), Cd (5.26) and Pb (1.11) in studied soils was found significantly higher, which suggests that their primary sources are higher industrial activities in the studied area. Computation of potential ecological risk index reveals that the entire study area is under high risk level (1941.60-3367.23), in which Cd (588.52) and Hg (1979.26) possess the maximum ecological risk factor in all the sampling sites. The results of correlation analysis, principle component analysis and cluster analysis explore that industrial discharges, atmospheric disposition and waste disposal are the major sources of soil metal pollution in the studied region. Human health hazard indices are lower than 1 for all metals, indicating low non-carcinogenic risks to children and adults. Carcinogenic risk assessment reveals the existence of cancer risk of Cd (5.5E-03), Cr (8.6E-04) and Ni (3.0E-04) to child and Cd (8.2E-04) and Cr (1.3E-04) to adults in Durgapur.
本研究旨在利用地统计学技术评估潜在有毒金属的空间分布，并从印度杜尔加布尔工业区的表层土壤中发现其与生态和人类健康相关的风险。结果表明，金属的平均浓度分别为 116.03、32.96、154.37、321.20、50.08、29.54 和 2.97mg/kg，对于 Pb、Cd、Cr、Fe、Cu、Ni 和 Hg，其中大部分高于其背景和世界自然土壤浓度。污染负荷指数值的 GIS 等高线图清楚地区分了研究采样区是由有毒金属高度至非常高度污染的。研究金属的污染系数 (C) 和地积累指数 (I) 值显示出相似的顺序，Hg > Cd > Pb > Fe > Cr > Ni > Cu。研究土壤中汞 (13.29)、镉 (5.26) 和铅 (1.11) 的计算富集因子 (EF) 值明显较高，表明其主要来源是研究区较高的工业活动。潜在生态风险指数的计算表明，整个研究区处于高风险水平 (1941.60-3367.23)，其中 Cd (588.52) 和 Hg (1979.26) 在所有采样点都具有最大的生态风险因素。相关性分析、主成分分析和聚类分析的结果表明，工业排放、大气处置和废物处置是研究区域土壤金属污染的主要来源。对于所有金属，人类健康危害指数均低于 1，表明儿童和成人的非致癌风险较低。致癌风险评估表明，杜尔加布尔儿童存在 Cd (5.5E-03)、Cr (8.6E-04) 和 Ni (3.0E-04) 的致癌风险，以及 Cd (8.2E-04) 和 Cr (1.3E-04) 的成人致癌风险。
