印度南部班加罗尔市佩尼亚工业区土壤中铬的分布及其对人类健康的危害评估
Distribution and human health hazard appraisal with special reference to chromium in soils from Peenya industrial area, Bengaluru City, South India.
作者信息
Ratnalu Gunnam Venkata, Dhakate Ratnakar, More Shekhar
机构信息
CSIR-National Geophysical Research Institute, Hyderabad, 500007 India.
Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002 India.
出版信息
J Environ Health Sci Eng. 2021 Nov 22;20(1):79-100. doi: 10.1007/s40201-021-00757-z. eCollection 2022 Jun.
PURPOSE
Presence of heavy metals in Peenya industries is considered a major environmental and human health risk. The purpose of this research is to determine the concentrations of trace elements in urban industrial soils in north Bengaluru in order to assess the degree of soil pollution and to evaluate environmental and human health risk.
METHODS
Twelve soil samples during July-2016 were taken from Peenya industrial sites at different depth viz., 0-Hft., 1-3 ft., and 3-5 ft. heavy metals (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, Sr, V, and Zn) were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Contamination Factor, Enrichment Factor, Pollution Index, Modified Pollution Index, indices of pollution, Toxic Unit (TU), Hazard Quotient (HQ), Hazard Index (HI), Total Hazard Index (THI), Cancer Risk (CR), and Lifetime Cancer Risk (LCR) were used to evaluate the environmental and potential health hazard risks of human beings.
RESULTS
Results showed that Cr concentration exceeded the threshold limit of 60 mg/kg and 66.66%, 50%, and 41.66% showing more than the threshold limit at 0-1 ft., 1-3 ft. and 3-5 ft. depth soil samples. Single pollution indices showed that the study site was contaminated with chromium concentration. Nemerow pollution index showed that majority of soil samples were in the very high level of pollution. THI values showing <1 indicating that there were non-carcinogenic risks for children and less risk for adults. Based on LCR for children, 100% of soil samples were at high risk. LCR for Cr concentrations of the soils were found higher than the threshold value of 1.00E-04, indicating a significant carcinogenic risk.
CONCLUSIONS
The study area is polluted, mainly with Chromium, whereas environmental risk is limited to a small part of it. This study can be used as a reference point to develop future long-term risk assessment plans on the probable movement of heavy metals in urban soils to human beings.
目的
佩尼亚工业区存在重金属被认为是主要的环境和人类健康风险。本研究的目的是测定班加罗尔北部城市工业土壤中的微量元素浓度，以评估土壤污染程度，并评估环境和人类健康风险。
方法
2016年7月从佩尼亚工业区不同深度（即0 - 1英尺、1 - 3英尺和3 - 5英尺）采集了12个土壤样本。通过电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP - MS）测定重金属（砷、镉、钴、铬、铜、铁、锰、铅、锶、钒和锌）。采用污染因子、富集因子、污染指数、修正污染指数、污染指标、毒性单位（TU）、危害商数（HQ）、危害指数（HI）、总危害指数（THI）、癌症风险（CR）和终生癌症风险（LCR）来评估环境和人类潜在健康危害风险。
结果
结果表明，铬浓度超过了60毫克/千克的阈值，在0 - 1英尺、1 - 3英尺和3 - 5英尺深度的土壤样本中，分别有66.66%、50%和41.66%的样本超过阈值。单项污染指数表明研究地点受到铬浓度污染。内梅罗污染指数表明大多数土壤样本处于极高污染水平。THI值小于1表明儿童存在非致癌风险，成人风险较小。基于儿童的LCR，100%的土壤样本处于高风险。土壤中铬浓度的LCR高于1.00E - 04的阈值，表明存在显著的致癌风险。
结论
研究区域受到污染，主要污染物为铬，而环境风险仅限于其中一小部分。本研究可作为一个参考点，用于制定未来关于城市土壤中重金属可能向人类转移的长期风险评估计划。
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