Physically Active Lifestyles Research Group (USQ PALs), Institute for Resilient Regions, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield, Queensland, Australia.
Deakin University, Geelong, Australia, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences.
J Affect Disord. 2020 Apr 1;266:282-287. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.01.172. Epub 2020 Jan 29.
There is strong epidemiological evidence that physical activity is associated with lower likelihood of depression. Yet, most existing large population studies have investigated aerobic physical activity (e.g. walking/running), with few epidemiological studies examining the association between muscle-strengthening exercise (MSE; push ups, using weight machines) with depression. The aim of this study is to examine associations between MSE and depressive symptoms among a representative sample of German adults.
Cross-sectional analyses were conducted on the 2014 German Health Update. Validated questionnaires were used to assess MSE and depression symptom severity (eight-item Personal Health Questionnaire Depression Scale). Generalized linear models with Poisson regression with a robust error variance were used to assess prevalence ratios of depression symptom severity (mild, moderate, moderately severe/severe) across weekly MSE frequency (None [reference]; 1, 2, 3-4 and ≥5), adjusting for potential cofounders (e.g. age, sex, socioeconomic status, self-rated health, smoking, hazardous alcohol consumption, aerobic exercise).
Data were available on 23,635 adults (≥18 years). When compared with those reporting no MSE, for all levels of depressive symptom severity, there were reduced prevalence ratios across all MSE frequencies. Compared to the higher MSE frequency groups (3-≥5 times/week), the prevalence ratios (range: 0.53-0.85) were similar among lower frequency groups (1-2 times/week) (range: 0.46-0.85). All associations remained after adjustment for sociodemographic, lifestyle characteristics and aerobic physical activity.
Findings may be biased by the self-reporting of MSE and depressive symptom severity.
Any increase in MSE at the population-level may be beneficial for the prevention and treatment of depression.
有强有力的流行病学证据表明，身体活动与较低的抑郁可能性有关。然而，大多数现有的大型人群研究都调查了有氧运动（例如散步/跑步），很少有流行病学研究检查肌肉强化运动（MSE；俯卧撑、使用举重器械）与抑郁之间的关系。本研究旨在检查德国成年人代表性样本中 MSE 与抑郁症状之间的关联。
对 2014 年德国健康更新进行了横断面分析。使用经过验证的问卷评估 MSE 和抑郁症状严重程度（八项个人健康问卷抑郁量表）。使用广义线性模型，采用泊松回归和稳健误差方差，评估每周 MSE 频率（无[参考]；1、2、3-4 和≥5）对抑郁症状严重程度（轻度、中度、中度/重度）的患病率比，调整潜在混杂因素（例如年龄、性别、社会经济地位、自我评估健康状况、吸烟、危险饮酒、有氧运动）。
数据可用于 23635 名成年人（≥18 岁）。与未报告 MSE 的人相比，所有抑郁症状严重程度水平的患病率比在所有 MSE 频率范围内均降低。与较高的 MSE 频率组（每周 3-≥5 次）相比，较低频率组（每周 1-2 次）的患病率比（范围：0.53-0.85）相似（范围：0.46-0.85）。所有关联在调整社会人口统计学、生活方式特征和有氧运动后仍然存在。
发现可能会因 MSE 和抑郁症状严重程度的自我报告而产生偏差。
任何人群水平上 MSE 的增加都可能有益于预防和治疗抑郁。
