Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad Complutense, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain; Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain.
Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad Complutense, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain; Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain.
Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2020 Jul;36:217-234. doi: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2020.01.013. Epub 2020 Feb 10.
Cannabis use induces a plethora of actions on the CNS via its active chemical ingredients, the so-called phytocannabinoids. These compounds have been frequently associated with the intoxicating properties of cannabis preparations. However, not all phytocannabinoids are psychotropic, and, irrespective of whether they are psychotropic or not, they have also shown numerous therapeutic properties. These properties are mostly associated with their ability to modulate the activity of an intercellular communication system, the so-called endocannabinoid system, which is highly active in the CNS and has been found altered in many neurological disorders. Specifically, this includes the neuropsychopharmacology field, with diseases such as schizophrenia and related psychoses, anxiety-related disorders, mood disorders, addiction, sleep disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder, anorexia nervosa and other feeding-related disorders, dementia, epileptic syndromes, as well as autism, fragile X syndrome and other neurodevelopment-related disorders. Here, we gather, from a pharmacological and biochemical standpoint, the recent advances in the study of the therapeutic relevance of the endocannabinoid system in the CNS, with especial emphasis on the neuropsychopharmacology field. We also illustrate the efforts that are currently being made to investigate at the clinical level the potential therapeutic benefits derived from elevating or inhibiting endocannabinoid signaling in animal models of neuropsychiatric disorders.
大麻中的活性化学物质，即所谓的植物大麻素，通过多种途径作用于中枢神经系统，引发了一系列反应。这些化合物经常与大麻制剂的致醉特性相关联。然而，并非所有植物大麻素都具有精神活性，而且，无论它们是否具有精神活性，它们也表现出了许多治疗特性。这些特性主要与它们调节细胞间通讯系统（即所谓的内源性大麻素系统）的能力有关，该系统在中枢神经系统中高度活跃，并且在许多神经紊乱疾病中发现其发生了改变。具体而言，这包括神经精神药理学领域，涉及精神分裂症和相关精神病、焦虑相关障碍、情绪障碍、成瘾、睡眠障碍、创伤后应激障碍、神经性厌食症和其他与摄食相关的障碍、痴呆、癫痫综合征以及自闭症、脆性 X 综合征和其他与神经发育相关的障碍等疾病。在这里，我们从药理学和生物化学的角度汇集了内源性大麻素系统在中枢神经系统治疗相关性方面的最新研究进展，特别强调了神经精神药理学领域。我们还举例说明了目前正在努力在神经精神疾病动物模型中研究提高或抑制内源性大麻素信号的潜在治疗益处的临床水平。
