Department of Psychology, Boğaziçi University, Istanbul, Turkey.
Center of Brain and Cognition, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.
Cognition. 2020 May;198:104214. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2020.104214. Epub 2020 Feb 10.
Across cultures, adults produce infant-directed speech (IDS) when addressing infants. We explored whether infants expect IDS to be directed at infants and adult-directed speech (ADS) to adults. Infants from Spain and Turkey (12-15 months) watched animated videos with geometric figures, where one adult figure talked to an infant or another adult figure, while they were gazing at each other (Experiments 1 and 2). In some events, the adult figure addressed the infant figure with IDS, or the other adult figure with ADS (congruent); and in others, the same adult figure addressed the other adult figure with IDS or the infant figure with ADS (incongruent). Both groups of infants showed greater looking at incongruent than congruent events. This preference disappeared when the two figures gazed away from each other (Experiment 3). Thus, by 12 months of age, infants have nuanced expectations that different speech registers such as IDS and ADS are appropriate for addressing different recipients in third-party communicative contexts.
在不同的文化中，成年人在与婴儿交流时会使用婴儿导向语言（IDS）。我们探讨了婴儿是否期望 IDS 用于婴儿，ADS 用于成人。来自西班牙和土耳其的婴儿（12-15 个月大）观看了带有几何图形的动画视频，其中一个成年人物与一个婴儿或另一个成年人物交谈，同时他们互相注视着（实验 1 和 2）。在某些事件中，成年人物用 IDS 对婴儿人物说话，或用 ADS 对另一个成年人物说话（一致）；而在其他事件中，同一个成年人物用 IDS 对另一个成年人物说话，或用 ADS 对婴儿人物说话（不一致）。两组婴儿都表现出对不一致事件的注视时间多于对一致事件的注视时间。当两个人物彼此不再注视时，这种偏好就消失了（实验 3）。因此，在 12 个月大时，婴儿就已经有了微妙的期望，即不同的语音语域，如 IDS 和 ADS，适合在第三方交际情境中用于与不同的接收者交流。
