School of Mathematics and Statistics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; Department of Mathematics, Mohi-ud-Din Islamic University, Nerian Sharif, 12010 Azad Kashmir, Pakistan.
Deparment of Mathematics and Statistics, PMAS Arid Agriculture University Shamsabad, 46300 Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
Comput Methods Programs Biomed. 2020 Jul;190:105355. doi: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2020.105355. Epub 2020 Feb 1.
Peristaltic is a basic way of fluid transportation in physiology, engineering and nuclear industry. Importance of peristalsis is due to its contraction and compulsion property of symmetric and asymmetric type channel walls. Another beauty of this mechanism is that the channel walls propagates and push the material along the tube/conduit channel walls. This mechanism shows its presence in physiology while food particles are transferred through esophagus and stomach, urine through intestines, spermatoza transportation in reproductive tract. In industry it is found in roller and finger pumps, drug delivery and various nuclear materials e.g. toxic, corrosive, noxious etc. Magnetic field in peristalsis is found helpful in treatment of various treatments using magnets. Actually earth and human body as a whole comprises of magnetic and electric fields. The medical specialists found that unbalances of electromagnetic field in human body is the reason for emotional and physical disturbance. In addition it has significant and potential utilizations in modification of medical, industrial and chemical, procedures for example MRI, evaporation, convection, thermoregulation, MHD throttles, and in various types of tumor treatments. Entropy production work out irreversibility in complex systems which are frequently encountered in industrial mechanisms. In view of that, this methodology is effectually implemented in distinct technological applications covering porous media, propulsion ducts, electronic cooling, turbo-machinery and combustion.
Modelled flow mechanism is nonlinear and coupled due to considered assumptions (i.e. nanofluid, nonlinear porous channel, mixed convection, variable viscosity and thermal conductivity, activation energy and chemical reaction). Such nonlinear and coupled system is difficult to tackle analytically. Thus to obtain the solution we employed RK algorithm for numerical simulations.
Stronger magnetic parameter shows resistive characteristics to the flow field. Nonlinear Darcy medium assists the fluid motion at channel center and resits at walls vicinity. Variable characteristics of thermal conductivity moderate the soak or disperse up heat ability which corresponds to temperature reduction. Thermal slip quantity increase the temperature whereas concentration slip deduct the concentration of Carreau nanomaterial. Entropy and Bejan number shows maximum response for higher dissipation estimations. Brownian and thermopherotic motions aspects has reverse impact on nanomaterial concentration.
Entropy and Bejan number deduces for higher variable thermal conductivity values. Carreau material variable enhance the entropy of the system as a whole.
蠕动是生理学、工程学和核工业中流体输送的基本方式。蠕动的重要性在于其对称和非对称型通道壁的收缩和强制特性。这种机制的另一个美妙之处在于，通道壁沿着管/道壁传播并推动物质。当食物颗粒通过食管和胃转移、尿液通过肠道、生殖道中的精子运输时，这种机制在生理学中表现出来。在工业中，它存在于滚轮和指泵、药物输送和各种核材料中，如有毒、腐蚀性、有害等。蠕动中的磁场有助于使用磁铁进行各种治疗。实际上，地球和人体整体由磁场和电场组成。医学专家发现，人体电磁场的不平衡是情绪和身体紊乱的原因。此外，它在医疗、工业和化学的修改程序中具有重要的潜在利用价值，例如 MRI、蒸发、对流、热调节、磁流体节流阀，以及各种类型的肿瘤治疗。熵产生在复杂系统中产生不可逆性，而这些复杂系统在工业机制中经常遇到。有鉴于此，这种方法在涵盖多孔介质、推进管道、电子冷却、涡轮机械和燃烧的各种技术应用中得到了有效地实施。
所考虑的假设（即纳米流体、非线性多孔通道、混合对流、可变粘度和热导率、激活能和化学反应）使模型流动机制具有非线性和耦合性。这样的非线性和耦合系统很难进行分析处理。因此，为了得到解决方案，我们采用 RK 算法进行数值模拟。
较强的磁场参数对流动场表现出电阻特性。非线性达西介质辅助流体质点在通道中心的运动，并在壁附近产生阻力。热导率的变化特性调节了热吸收或散发能力，对应于温度的降低。热滑移量增加温度，而浓度滑移量减少卡雷奥纳米材料的浓度。熵和贝努数对更高的耗散估计表现出最大的响应。布朗运动和热扩散运动对纳米材料浓度有相反的影响。
随着可变热导率值的增加，熵和贝努数会减少。卡雷奥材料的变化会增强系统的整体熵。
