Brandner Kay, Saito Keiji
Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, 00076 Aalto, Finland.
Department of Physics, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan.
Phys Rev Lett. 2020 Jan 31;124(4):040602. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.124.040602.
We develop a general framework to describe the thermodynamics of microscopic heat engines driven by arbitrary periodic temperature variations and modulations of a mechanical control parameter. Within the slow-driving regime, our approach leads to a universal trade-off relation between efficiency and power, which follows solely from geometric arguments and holds for any thermodynamically consistent microdynamics. Focusing on Lindblad dynamics, we derive a second bound showing that coherence as a genuine quantum effect inevitably reduces the performance of slow engine cycles regardless of the driving amplitudes. To show how our theory can be applied in practice, we work out a specific example, which lies within the range of current solid-state technologies.
我们开发了一个通用框架，用于描述由任意周期性温度变化和机械控制参数调制驱动的微观热机的热力学。在慢驱动 regime 内，我们的方法导致了效率和功率之间的普遍权衡关系，这仅源于几何论证，并且适用于任何热力学一致的微观动力学。专注于林德布拉德动力学，我们推导出第二个界限，表明作为一种真正量子效应的相干性不可避免地会降低慢发动机循环的性能，而与驱动幅度无关。为了展示我们的理论如何在实际中应用，我们给出了一个具体例子，它处于当前固态技术的范围内。
