Institute of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Albertstraße 9, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.
Department of Legal and Occupational Medicine, Toxicology and Public Health, University of Padova, Via Falloppio 50, 35121, Padova, Italy.
Int J Legal Med. 2020 May;134(3):1095-1102. doi: 10.1007/s00414-020-02262-8. Epub 2020 Feb 14.
From the first half of the twentieth century to the present day, injuries and fatalities from captive-bolt livestock stunners are a major topic in forensic medicine. The vast majority of cases account for suicides with the frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital regions being the most common sites of entrance (in descending order of frequency). Due to the limited length of the bolt, the corresponding wound channel within the braincase is only several centimeters long. It has been a controversial subject for a long time, whether the skin-bone complex punched out by the conically grooved end of the steel rod may act as a "secondary projectile" being propelled beyond the actual path of the bolt. To answer this question, experimental shots from various types of captive bolt-guns were fired to simulants. Video-documentation employing a high-speed motion camera showed that the punched-out pieces of skin and bone did not move further than the bolt. Thus, a secondary extension of the total wound channel could not be observed. However, the suction effect caused by the bolt's rearward movement may induce a slight retrograde displacement of the skin-bone complex.
从 20 世纪上半叶到现在，牲畜电击枪致伤和致死一直是法医学的一个主要课题。绝大多数案例都与自杀有关，最常见的入口部位是额部、颞部、顶骨和枕骨（按频率降序排列）。由于螺栓的长度有限，因此脑壳内相应的伤口通道只有几厘米长。很长一段时间以来，人们一直在争论一个问题，即钢棒锥形凹槽末端打出的皮肤-骨复合体是否可能充当“二次射弹”，从而被推动到螺栓的实际路径之外。为了回答这个问题，对各种类型的牲畜电击枪进行了模拟射击实验。使用高速运动相机进行的视频记录显示，打出的皮肤和骨头碎片没有移动超过螺栓。因此，没有观察到总伤口通道的二次延伸。然而，螺栓向后运动产生的抽吸效应可能会导致皮肤-骨复合体的轻微逆行位移。
