Charlton K M, Webster W A, Casey G A, Rupprecht C E
Animal Diseases Research Institute, NEPEAN, Ontario, Canada.
Rev Infect Dis. 1988 Nov-Dec;10 Suppl 4:S626-8. doi: 10.1093/clinids/10.supplement_4.s626.
In North America, the number of cases of rabies diagnosed in skunks generally exceeds that in either raccoons or foxes. Enzootic skunk rabies occurs mainly in four geographic regions: (1) southern Ontario and Quebec and upper New York State; (2) the north central United States and the Canadian provinces of Manitoba, Saskatchewan, and Alberta; (3) California; and (4) south central United States (Texas and several adjacent states). Rabies in these areas (in skunks and, to a large extent, in other terrestrial mammals) is caused mainly by three street virus variants, as determined by monoclonal antibody testing (one variant for areas 2 and 3 and separate variants for each of areas 1 and 4). Experimental studies suggest that the species specificity (e.g., raccoon vs. skunk) of enzootic rabies is due, at least partly, to differences in the pathogenicity of variants of rabies virus.
在北美，臭鼬身上被诊断出的狂犬病病例数量通常超过浣熊或狐狸身上的病例数量。地方性臭鼬狂犬病主要发生在四个地理区域：（1）安大略省南部、魁北克省以及纽约州北部；（2）美国中北部以及加拿大的曼尼托巴省、萨斯喀彻温省和艾伯塔省；（3）加利福尼亚州；（4）美国中南部（得克萨斯州及几个相邻州）。通过单克隆抗体检测确定，这些地区（臭鼬以及在很大程度上其他陆生哺乳动物身上的）狂犬病主要由三种街毒株变种引起（第2和3区域为一种变种，第1和4区域各为一种单独的变种）。实验研究表明，地方性狂犬病的物种特异性（例如浣熊与臭鼬之间）至少部分归因于狂犬病病毒变种致病性的差异。
