Johnston D H, Voigt D R, MacInnes C D, Bachmann P, Lawson K F, Rupprecht C E
Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Wildlife Branch, Maple, Canada.
Rev Infect Dis. 1988 Nov-Dec;10 Suppl 4:S660-4. doi: 10.1093/clinids/10.supplement_4.s660.
An aerial baiting system was developed to deliver oral rabies vaccines to wild carnivore vectors of rabies, e.g., red fox, striped skunk, and raccoon. The bait consists of a polyethylene bag that contains either a 30-g hamburger ball or a 25-mL cube of polyurethane sponge coated with a wax-beef tallow mixture containing 100-150 mg of tetracycline as a biomarker. Attractants used with the sponge were added to the bag (e.g., liver slurry, cheeses, fish oils, or fruits). Baits (greater than 80,000) were dropped from light aircraft at densities of 18-120 baits/km2 over test areas in Ontario and Pennsylvania. Rates of bait acceptance were assessed by the presence of fluorescent tetracycline deposits in the teeth of animals obtained from hunters and trappers. Bait acceptance reached 74% in foxes, 54% in skunks, 43% in raccoons, and 85% in coyotes in the Ontario trials; bait acceptance by raccoons in a small trial in Pennsylvania reached 76%. Also, 66% of juvenile foxes that ate baits ate a second bait 7 or more days after eating the first, thus giving the potential for a booster effect. The cost of aerial distribution of bait (excluding cost of bait and vaccine) in Canadian dollars was $1.45/km2. The aerial distribution system is capable of economically reaching a high proportion of foxes, skunks, and raccoons over large areas. Trials with attenuated ERA (Evelyn-Rokitnicki-Abelseth) vaccines are under way in Ontario.
开发了一种空中诱饵系统，用于向狂犬病的野生食肉动物传播媒介（如赤狐、条纹臭鼬和浣熊）投喂口服狂犬病疫苗。诱饵由一个聚乙烯袋组成，袋内装有一个30克的汉堡球或一块25毫升的聚氨酯海绵方块，海绵方块涂有含100 - 150毫克四环素作为生物标志物的蜡 - 牛脂混合物。与海绵一起使用的引诱剂被添加到袋中（如肝泥、奶酪、鱼油或水果）。超过80000个诱饵从轻型飞机上投放到安大略省和宾夕法尼亚州试验区，投放密度为每平方公里18 - 120个诱饵。通过猎人及捕兽者捕获的动物牙齿中荧光四环素沉积物的存在情况来评估诱饵接受率。在安大略省的试验中，狐狸的诱饵接受率达到74%，臭鼬为54%，浣熊为43%，郊狼为85%；在宾夕法尼亚州的一项小型试验中，浣熊的诱饵接受率达到76%。此外，66%吃了诱饵的幼年狐狸在吃了第一个诱饵7天或更长时间后又吃了第二个诱饵，因此有可能产生加强免疫效果。以加元计算，空中投放诱饵的成本（不包括诱饵和疫苗成本）为每平方公里1.45加元。该空中投放系统能够经济高效地覆盖大面积区域内的大部分狐狸、臭鼬和浣熊。安大略省正在进行减毒ERA（伊夫林 - 罗基特尼基 - 阿贝尔塞思）疫苗的试验。
