Triwongwaranat Daranporn, Boonchai Waranya, Subchookul Chanika, Sitthinamsuwan Panitta, Thuangtong Rattapon
Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
J Cosmet Dermatol. 2020 Oct;19(10):2697-2700. doi: 10.1111/jocd.13318. Epub 2020 Feb 15.
Synthetic hair fiber implantation first achieved widespread use in the 1970s, but in 1983, the US Federal Drug Administration banned the fibers due to its complications. Currently available synthetic fibers consist of polyamide material, which has been claimed to be effective and safe. Nevertheless, its use for hair restoration is controversial because of complications such as recurrent infections; the rejection and the faster-than-anticipated loss of fibers; frequent allergic reactions; fears about carcinogenicity; cicatricial alopecia; granulomatous hypersensitivity; and cyst formation.
To report complications of synthetic hair implantation and treatments.
We report the clinical data, pathological studies, and treatment outcomes of two patients who developed complications after a synthetic hair implantation.
Our case reports showed significant moderate-to-severe adverse events, including recurrent folliculitis, scalp crusting, scarring, the matting and breakage of fibers, and granulomatous reactions. The onset of the reactions varied between 1 and 8 weeks. Pathological studies showed that the implantation of the synthetic hair into the scalp produced a hyperplastic proliferation of epidermal cells, foreign body granuloma, and persistent acute inflammation due to bacterial infections. In our study, definitive treatment was ineffective until the synthetic fibers were removed from the scalp.
These significant adverse reactions may limit the benefits of synthetic hair fiber implantation for some patients. Although the inflammations were initially controlled by oral and topical antibiotics, a variety of antibiotics were unable to control the folliculitis. The fibers were ultimately removed, following which, the inflammations improved.
合成毛发纤维植入术在20世纪70年代首次得到广泛应用，但在1983年，由于其并发症，美国食品药品监督管理局禁止了这种纤维。目前可用的合成纤维由聚酰胺材料制成，据称这种材料有效且安全。然而，由于存在诸如反复感染、纤维排斥和比预期更快的纤维脱落、频繁的过敏反应、对致癌性的担忧、瘢痕性脱发、肉芽肿性超敏反应以及囊肿形成等并发症，其在毛发修复中的应用存在争议。
报告合成毛发植入术的并发症及治疗方法。
我们报告了两名在合成毛发植入术后出现并发症的患者的临床数据、病理研究及治疗结果。
我们的病例报告显示了严重的中重度不良事件，包括反复的毛囊炎、头皮结痂、瘢痕形成、纤维缠结和断裂以及肉芽肿反应。反应的发作时间在1至8周之间不等。病理研究表明，将合成毛发植入头皮会导致表皮细胞增生性增殖、异物肉芽肿以及由于细菌感染引起的持续急性炎症。在我们的研究中，在合成纤维从头皮移除之前，确定性治疗无效。
这些严重的不良反应可能会限制合成毛发纤维植入术对某些患者的益处。尽管炎症最初通过口服和外用抗生素得到控制，但多种抗生素都无法控制毛囊炎。最终移除了纤维，之后炎症得到改善。
