Athletics Research Center, Linköping University, Sweden; Department of Orthopaedics, Moi University, Kenya.
Athletics Research Center, Linköping University, Sweden.
J Sci Med Sport. 2020 Aug;23(8):715-720. doi: 10.1016/j.jsams.2020.01.008. Epub 2020 Jan 30.
To investigate champion long-distance runners' strategies for managing injury and illness symptoms and staying well.
Qualitative research study.
Twelve long-distance runners were interviewed immediately after having competed in World Championships finals. Thematic analysis was used to categorise and structure the data. The results were presented as primary themes and overarching constructs representing connections between the primary themes.
The champion runners' basic tactic to manage symptoms of ill health was characterized by rapid adjustment of sports load and a strong incentive to learn from experience and professional advice. This tactic was named here educated flexibility. A secondary exigency tactic was associated with reaching short-term goals and a consequential acceptance of health hazards. The runners used economic and other environmental strain to explain use of the exigency tactic. Most champion runners' long-term strategy to stay well included both tactics successfully combined to maintain a performance level assuring a regular income. Avoidance of letting environmental strain and health problems create vicious circles was at the centre of these strategies.
Champion runners' main strategy to stay well and sustain their superiority in performance was characterized by constantly paying attention to symptoms of ill health, listening to medical advice, and not letting environmental strain interfere with adjustment of sports load. Many top-level runners originate from global regions where formal education programs and health insurance plans are poorly regulated and supported. Bio-psychosocial models including empowerment at individual and systems levels should be considered when health services are planned for professional runners.
调查冠军长跑运动员应对伤病症状和保持健康的策略。
定性研究。
在世界锦标赛决赛后，立即对 12 名长跑运动员进行了采访。采用主题分析对数据进行分类和构建。结果以主要主题和涵盖主要主题之间联系的总体结构呈现。
冠军运动员管理健康问题症状的基本策略是快速调整运动负荷，并强烈激励从经验和专业建议中学习。这个策略被命名为“有教育意义的灵活性”。与之相关的次要紧急策略是追求短期目标和接受健康危害的后果。运动员们用经济和其他环境压力来解释使用紧急策略的原因。大多数冠军运动员保持健康的长期策略包括成功结合这两种策略，以维持保证稳定收入的表现水平。避免让环境压力和健康问题造成恶性循环是这些策略的核心。
冠军运动员保持健康和维持其卓越表现的主要策略是时刻关注健康问题的症状，听从医疗建议，不让环境压力干扰运动负荷的调整。许多顶级运动员来自全球地区，那里的正规教育计划和健康保险计划监管和支持不力。在为职业运动员规划卫生服务时，应考虑包括个人和系统层面赋权在内的生物心理社会模型。
