Department of Veterinary Parasitology and Entomology, University of Ibadan, Nigeria.
Molecular Bio-computation and Drug Design Laboratory, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa.
Prev Vet Med. 2020 Mar;176:104925. doi: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2020.104925. Epub 2020 Feb 9.
Toxoplasma gondii has been incriminated as an important opportunistic zoonotic protozoan parasite in food animals. A West African meta-analysis was conducted to assess the seroprevalence, genotypes and risk factors of T. gondii infection in food animals. Databases were searched electronically, considering T. gondii infection in cattle, goats, sheep, pigs and chickens. These were conducted to estimate overall pooled seroprevalence, confidence intervals at 95 % (CI) and heterogeneity using quality effects model. Qualitative data on risk factors to determine effects on human populace and possible control strategies were evaluated. Pooled seroprevalence of anti-T. gondii antibodies for food animals was 25.5 % (18.9-32.8); and for each animal namely cattle, sheep, goats, pigs and chickens were 16.3, 29.1, 18.1, 35.9 and 36.0 %, respectively. Most studied food animals were observed in Nigeria, while the highest seroprevalence was observed in examined goats from Republic of Benin, the lowest was in cattle from the same country. Substantial variability (Q = 2759.5; I = 98.3; Qi = 17.3; df = 48) among studies and lack of publication bias (LFK index = -0.08) in overall assessment was observed. In spite of the high seroprevalence in food animals, awareness and research activities in most endemic West African countries is low. Failure to associate the common risk factors have limited the reliable estimation of T. gondii infection. Therefore, more efforts are needed in awareness campaign, management practises, careful treatment of contaminated environment with cat faeces, among other measures to assist in the prevention of T. gondii in food animals.
刚地弓形虫已被视为食源性动物中一种重要的机会性病原体寄生虫。本项针对食源性动物的冈比亚西部荟萃分析旨在评估弓形虫感染的血清流行率、基因型和危险因素。通过电子数据库检索，将牛、山羊、绵羊、猪和鸡的弓形虫感染纳入考量。采用质量效应模型评估总体合并血清流行率、95%置信区间（CI）和异质性。还评估了定性数据中与人类人群相关的危险因素和可能的控制策略。食源性动物抗弓形虫抗体的合并血清流行率为 25.5%（18.9-32.8）；牛、绵羊、山羊、猪和鸡的血清流行率分别为 16.3%、29.1%、18.1%、35.9%和 36.0%。大多数研究涉及的食源性动物均来自尼日利亚，而贝宁共和国被检查的山羊的血清流行率最高，该国牛的血清流行率最低。研究间存在显著的变异性（Q=2759.5；I=98.3；Qi=17.3；df=48），且未观察到总体评估中的发表偏倚（LFK 指数=-0.08）。尽管食源性动物的血清流行率较高，但大多数西非地方性国家的认识和研究活动水平较低。未能将常见危险因素联系起来，限制了对弓形虫感染的可靠估计。因此，需要加强宣传活动、管理实践、对猫粪便污染环境的谨慎处理等措施，以协助预防食源性动物中的弓形虫。
