Sheikhi Rahim Ali, Seyedin Hesam, Qanizadeh Ghader, Jahangiri Katayoun
Department of Health in Disasters and Emergencies, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Health Management and Economic Research Center, Department of Health in Disasters and Emergencies, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Disaster Med Public Health Prep. 2021 Apr;15(2):239-254. doi: 10.1017/dmp.2019.145. Epub 2020 Feb 17.
The aim of this systematic review is to analyze the relevant research on religious organizations' participation in disasters risk management and to understand the ways in which these organizations impact on disaster management. Today, community-based disaster risk management is emphasized as a very effective approach. Religious organizations are one of the most important components of community. They have access to resources that can be critical to help government agencies to manage disasters successfully.
This systematic review was conducted since August 2018 to investigate the role of religious institutions in disasters management and was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. PubMed, Web of Science (WOS), Scopus, Proquest, Embase, and Google scholar were the primary databases used for search of literature. Keywords used in this review were "religious institution," "disaster management," and their equivalents were obtained from Mesh, Emtree, or extracted from related articles. The papers from a broad range of disciplines related to keywords were included, and those articles that focus on response to disaster based on religious beliefs' and religion rather than participation of religious institutions in disaster risk management were excluded. From the 18,071 records identified through database searching in the early stage, 22 articles were selected for this review followed by analysis of the characteristics and content analysis of the included studies to answer the study questions.
The findings of this systematic review that emerged from content analysis are summarized in 11 themes: religious institutions' potential for disaster management, preparedness of religious institutions for disasters, response, recovery, the social capital, partnership with all stakeholders, collaboration and communication between mental health professionals and faith-based organization leaders, unity of information and message, religious institution shelters, dealing with disaster in old and new approaches, and barriers and challenges.
Religious institutions have a vital role and great potential in disasters management. They often contribute in response and recovery phases of disasters, although these services are valuable but the great potential of these groups should also be recruited to participate in preparedness and mitigation efforts as part of disasters cycle. Coordination and collaboration of all stakeholders is essential in this way.
本系统评价的目的是分析宗教组织参与灾害风险管理的相关研究，并了解这些组织对灾害管理的影响方式。如今，基于社区的灾害风险管理被视为一种非常有效的方法。宗教组织是社区最重要的组成部分之一。它们能够获取对帮助政府机构成功管理灾害至关重要的资源。
本系统评价自2018年8月起开展，旨在调查宗教机构在灾害管理中的作用，并按照系统评价与Meta分析的首选报告项目（PRISMA）指南进行。PubMed、科学网（WOS）、Scopus、ProQuest、Embase和谷歌学术是用于文献检索的主要数据库。本评价使用的关键词为“宗教机构”“灾害管理”，其同义词从医学主题词表（Mesh）、Emtree中获取，或从相关文章中提取。纳入了与关键词相关的广泛学科的论文，排除了那些基于宗教信仰和宗教应对灾害而非宗教机构参与灾害风险管理的文章。从早期数据库检索识别出的18071条记录中，选取了22篇文章进行本评价，随后对纳入研究的特征进行分析并进行内容分析，以回答研究问题。
通过内容分析得出的本系统评价结果归纳为11个主题：宗教机构的灾害管理潜力、宗教机构的灾害准备、应对、恢复、社会资本、与所有利益相关者的伙伴关系、心理健康专业人员与基于信仰的组织领导者之间的合作与沟通、信息与信息的统一、宗教机构避难所、新旧方法应对灾害、障碍与挑战。
宗教机构在灾害管理中具有至关重要的作用和巨大潜力。它们通常在灾害的应对和恢复阶段发挥作用，尽管这些服务很有价值，但这些群体的巨大潜力也应被调动起来，作为灾害周期的一部分参与到备灾和减灾工作中。通过这种方式，所有利益相关者的协调与合作至关重要。
