Centro de Investigación en Micorrizas y Sustentabilidad Agroambiental (CIMYSA), Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Scientific and Technological Bioresources Nucleus-BIOREN, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile; Instituto de Ciencias Agronómicas y Veterinarias, Universidad de O'Higgins, Campus Colchagua, San Fernando, Chile.
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Center, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
J Environ Manage. 2020 Feb 1;255:109922. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109922. Epub 2019 Dec 3.
Cellulose and lignin as main components of crop residues have a significant influence on composting operations and composition of the final products. Both are strongly associated, and lignin can be considered an important barrier during the biodegradation process of lignocellulosic materials. Saprophytic fungi are efficient lignin degraders due to their complex enzymatic system. Therefore, the influence of the inoculation of saprophytic fungi (Coriolopsis rigida, Pleurotus ostreatus, Trichoderma harzianum and Trametes versicolor) and the supply of inorganic additives (AlO, FeO and allophanic soil) that promote the stabilization of carbon (C), were analyzed in the biodegradation of wheat straw (WS). The activity of Laccase (LAC), manganese peroxidase (MnP) and β-glucosidase and changes in temperature, pH and E/E ratio were analyzed in a biodegradation process of 126 days. The activity of LAC, MnP and the E/E ratio were significantly influenced and increased (enzymes) by fungi species, inorganic additives, and time of inorganic material addition, as well as their interactions (p < 0.05). The WS inoculated with T. versicolor showed the highest average activities for LAC, MnP and β-glucosidase (2000, 220 UL and 400 μmol pNP g h respectively). Furthermore, the addition of AlO and FeO increased all the activities regarded to the decomposition of WS and influenced the changes associated with the stabilization of OM in composted WS. In conclusion, the inoculation of WS with T. versicolor in combination with metal oxides improved the enzyme related to the biodegradation process of WS favorizing its stabilization in the medium time, which is of importance in the composting of residues with high C/N ratio.
纤维素和木质素作为作物残余物的主要成分，对堆肥操作和最终产物的组成有重要影响。它们紧密相关，木质素可以被认为是木质纤维素材料生物降解过程中的一个重要障碍。腐生真菌由于其复杂的酶系统，是有效的木质素降解菌。因此，分析了接种腐生真菌（绒盖牛肝菌、糙皮侧耳、哈茨木霉和栓菌）和添加无机添加剂（AlO、FeO 和类沸石土壤）对小麦秸秆（WS）生物降解的影响，这些添加剂促进了碳（C）的稳定。在 126 天的生物降解过程中，分析了漆酶（LAC）、锰过氧化物酶（MnP）和β-葡萄糖苷酶的活性以及温度、pH 和 E/E 比的变化。LAC、MnP 和 E/E 比的活性受到真菌种类、无机添加剂、无机材料添加时间及其相互作用的显著影响（p<0.05）。接种栓菌的 WS 表现出最高的 LAC、MnP 和β-葡萄糖苷酶平均活性（分别为 2000、220 UL 和 400 μmol pNP g h）。此外，添加 AlO 和 FeO 增加了与 WS 分解有关的所有活性，并影响了与堆肥 WS 中 OM 稳定有关的变化。总之，将 T. versicolor 接种到 WS 中，并结合金属氧化物，可以提高与 WS 生物降解过程相关的酶活性，有利于其在中时间内稳定，这对于高 C/N 比残留物的堆肥非常重要。
