Marine Environmental Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST), Busan, 49111, South Korea.
Ionizing Radiation Center, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Daejeon, 34113, South Korea.
J Environ Radioact. 2020 Jun;217:106191. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2020.106191. Epub 2020 Feb 17.
In March 2011, an earthquake caused the shutdown of the active reactors at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (NPP), with the succeeding tsunami resulting in the release of radioactively contaminated water into the adjacent Japanese coastal waters. Marine biota selected from various trophic levels were collected in Korean coastal waters throughout 2014 and 2015 and their plutonium levels were measured to evaluate the radioactive contamination levels in the marine organisms that constitute the primary seafood diet in the Republic of Korea (ROK). The results showed that the activity concentrations of Pu in plankton, macroalgae, mollusks, crustaceans, and cephalopods ranged from 13 to 58, 0.64 to 0.80, 0.94 to 5.40, 0.06 to 0.50, and 0.26 mBq kg of wet weight (w.w.), respectively. The activity concentrations of Pu measured in the muscles of fish varied from 0.09 to 0.30 mBq kg (w.w.), relatively low values compared to those in other groups regardless of fish species, size, and sampling area. The concentration characteristics of Pu in the various organs in the respective marine products revealed that the internal organs showed higher concentrations than the muscle or skin (or exoskeleton). The highest concentration of Pu was measured in the viscera of an abalone, which had an activity concentration of 6.31 mBq kg (w.w.). The concentration factors (CFs) in the >300-μm fraction of plankton and in anchovy, shrimp, and mackerel ranged 67-84% of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)-recommended values, although the CF in macroalgae was much lower at approximately 5% of IAEA values, suggesting a wide range of Pu CF in macroalgae. The mean transfer factor (TF) between macroalgae (0.6-0.8 mBq kg) and abalone (5.4 mBq kg) was estimated to be 7.5, implying that effective Pu transfer occurred between the two species. These figures equate to annual effective doses of Pu to Koreans through consumption of macroalgae, shellfish, and fish of 1.8 × 10, 1.4 × 10, and 7.1 × 10 mSv yr, respectively, and a total dose of 3.9 × 10 mSv yr, values that are negligible compared to the annual effective dose limit of 1 mSv yr.
2011 年 3 月，福岛第一核电站（Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant，NPP）发生地震，导致反应堆停止运行，随后海啸导致放射性污染水排入毗邻的日本沿海水域。2014 年和 2015 年，在韩国沿海水域采集了来自不同营养级的海洋生物，并测量了它们的钚含量，以评估构成韩国主要海鲜饮食的海洋生物的放射性污染水平。结果表明，浮游生物、大型藻类、软体动物、甲壳类动物和头足类动物中钚的活度浓度分别为 13-58、0.64-0.80、0.94-5.40、0.06-0.50 和 0.26mBq kg 湿重（w.w.）。鱼类肌肉中测量的钚活度浓度为 0.09-0.30mBq kg（w.w.），与其他组相比，无论鱼类种类、大小和采样区域如何，该值都相对较低。不同海洋产品中钚在各器官的浓度特征表明，内部器官的浓度高于肌肉或皮肤（或外骨骼）。在鲍鱼的内脏中测量到最高浓度的钚，活度浓度为 6.31mBq kg（w.w.）。浮游生物>300μm 级分和凤尾鱼、虾和鲭鱼中的浓缩系数（CF）分别为国际原子能机构（IAEA）推荐值的 67-84%，而藻类中的 CF 则低得多，约为 IAEA 值的 5%，表明藻类中的 Pu CF 范围很广。大型藻类（0.6-0.8mBq kg）和鲍鱼（5.4mBq kg）之间的平均转移因子（TF）估计为 7.5，表明这两个物种之间发生了有效的 Pu 转移。这些数字相当于韩国人通过食用藻类、贝类和鱼类每年从 Pu 中摄入的有效剂量分别为 1.8×10、1.4×10 和 7.1×10mSv yr，总剂量为 3.9×10mSv yr，与每年 1mSv yr 的有效剂量限值相比，这些值可以忽略不计。
