Kaiglová A, Changoma M J S, Špajdelová J, Jakubcová D, Bírová K
Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health Sciences and Social Work, Trnava University, Univerzitné nám. 1, 918 43 Trnava, Slovakia.
Kwale Research Site, NUITM-KEMRI Project, Resource Centre Bldg., Next to Kwale Hospital, P.O.BOX 134, Kwale, Kenya.
Helminthologia. 2020 Jan 25;57(1):19-27. doi: 10.2478/helm-2020-0001. eCollection 2020 Mar.
Urinary schistosomosis is a serious public health problem prevalent in low-income rural regions of sub-Saharan Africa, including coastal part of Kenya. Praziquantel administration to school-aged children is the prevailing tool of schistosomosis control in these regions. The aim of our study was to find out if this control strategy can lead to interruption of parasite trasmission and disease elimination. During February and March 2018, the occurrence of urinary schistosomosis in volunteers of primary health care facilities in Kwale County, Kenya was examined and the occurrence of infected intermediate hosts in local water resources was monitored. Participants completed a questionnaire concerning source of water for household purposes, type of housing and health status and were asked to provide urine samples. Diagnosis of urinary schistosomosis was established by detection of eggs in urine specimens microscopically, using filtration method. Infected snails were detected using cercaria shedding tests. From the hemolymph of snails, prepatent period of infection was identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The presence of urinary schistosomosis was detected in 15.07 % (69 out of 451) of study participants. Cercaria shedding test was positive in 2 particular sites of river Pengo and Tsanganyiko. Genetic material (haemolymph) of 68 snails tested by DraI PCR revealed 7 spp. positive samples. Six of seven DraI positive snails were infected by , as it was detected by Sh110/SmS1 PCR. The study revealed, that the disease was still present in the region studied and the transmission was not interrupted. The rate of infection was significantly influenced by the water supplies used for household purposes and the type of housing.
尿路血吸虫病是撒哈拉以南非洲低收入农村地区普遍存在的严重公共卫生问题，包括肯尼亚沿海地区。对学龄儿童施用吡喹酮是这些地区控制血吸虫病的主要手段。我们研究的目的是查明这种控制策略是否能导致寄生虫传播的中断和疾病的消除。2018年2月和3月，对肯尼亚夸莱县初级卫生保健机构志愿者中的尿路血吸虫病发病情况进行了检查，并监测了当地水资源中受感染中间宿主的情况。参与者完成了一份关于家庭用水来源、住房类型和健康状况的问卷，并被要求提供尿液样本。通过显微镜下使用过滤法检测尿液标本中的虫卵来确诊尿路血吸虫病。使用尾蚴逸出试验检测受感染的蜗牛。通过聚合酶链反应（PCR）从蜗牛的血淋巴中确定感染的潜伏期。在15.07%（451人中有69人）的研究参与者中检测到尿路血吸虫病。在彭戈河和赞甘伊科河的两个特定地点，尾蚴逸出试验呈阳性。通过DraI PCR检测的68只蜗牛的遗传物质（血淋巴）显示有7个样本呈阳性。七只DraI阳性蜗牛中有六只被感染，这是通过Sh110/SmS1 PCR检测到的。研究表明，该疾病在所研究的地区仍然存在，传播并未中断。感染率受家庭用水供应和住房类型的显著影响。
