Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL.
Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL.
J Anim Sci. 2020 Mar 1;98(3). doi: 10.1093/jas/skaa057.
Neutering is a risk factor for pet obesity, which reduces the quality and length of life. Dietary interventions may serve as preventive and therapeutic options for pet obesity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of specially formulated diets on body weight (BW), body composition, and blood hormones and metabolites of adult female dogs after spay surgery. All procedures were approved by the University of Illinois Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee prior to experimentation. Twenty-eight healthy adult intact female Beagles (3.02 ± 0.7 yr; 10.28 ± 0.8 kg; body condition score [BCS]: 4.98 ± 0.57) were used in a longitudinal study. Twenty-four dogs were spayed and randomly allotted to one of three experimental diets: 1) moderate-protein, moderate-fiber diet (control; COSP), 2) high-protein, high-fiber diet (HP-HF), or 3) high-protein, high-fiber diet plus omega-3 and medium-chain fatty acids (HP-HF-O). Four dogs were sham-operated and fed the control diet (COSH). Food intake, BW, BCS, blood hormones and metabolites, body composition (via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scans), and voluntary physical activity (via Actical devices) were measured over time. After spay, dogs were fed to maintain BW for 12 wk (restricted phase), then allowed to overeat for 12 wk (ad libitum phase). Change from baseline data was analyzed for treatment, time, and treatment × time effects as well as treatment, feeding regimen, and treatment × feeding regimen effects. During the first 12 wk, HP-HF and HP-HF-O had lower (P < 0.01) blood cholesterol than COSH and COSP. During the second 12 wk, HP-HF and HP-HF-O ate more (P < 0.01) food (g/d) than COSH. BCS change for COSP was greater (P < 0.01) than COSH from week 21 to 24, but HP-HF and HP-HF-O were not different. When comparing data by feeding regimen, HP-HF and HP-HF-O had a greater reduction in serum cholesterol (P < 0.001) than COSH and COSP. During the second 12 wk, all spayed dogs consumed more (P < 0.01) food than COSH. However, COSH, HP-HF, and HP-HF-O had a lower (P < 0.001) increase in BCS than COSP. HP-HF-O and COSH had similar serum leptin during weeks 12 to 24. COSP had higher (P ≤ 0.01) serum C-reactive protein than HP-HF-O. Overall, body fat increase in COSP was greater (P < 0.05) than for COSH at week 24, while HP-HF and HP-HF-O were intermediate. Our results indicate that an HP-HF diet can limit weight gain and body fat increase and attenuate serum cholesterol, triglycerides, and leptin concentrations in dogs after spay surgery.
去势是宠物肥胖的一个风险因素，会降低宠物的生活质量和寿命。饮食干预可能是宠物肥胖的预防和治疗选择。本研究的目的是评估专门配制的饮食对去势手术后成年雌性犬体重（BW）、身体成分和血液激素和代谢物的影响。所有程序均在实验前获得伊利诺伊大学机构动物护理和使用委员会的批准。28 只健康成年未绝育雌性比格犬（3.02 ± 0.7 岁；10.28 ± 0.8 公斤；体况评分[BCS]：4.98 ± 0.57）用于纵向研究。24 只狗接受了绝育手术，并随机分为三组实验饮食之一：1）中蛋白、中纤维饮食（对照；COSP），2）高蛋白、高纤维饮食（HP-HF），或 3）高蛋白、高纤维饮食加 omega-3 和中链脂肪酸（HP-HF-O）。4 只狗接受了假手术并喂食对照饮食（COSH）。随着时间的推移，测量了食物摄入量、BW、BCS、血液激素和代谢物、身体成分（通过双能 X 射线吸收法扫描）和自愿体力活动（通过 Actical 设备）。去势后，狗被喂食以维持 12 周的 BW（限制期），然后允许自由进食 12 周（随意期）。分析了治疗、时间和治疗×时间效应以及治疗、喂养方案和治疗×喂养方案效应的基线数据变化。在最初的 12 周内，HP-HF 和 HP-HF-O 的血液胆固醇水平低于 COSH 和 COSP（P < 0.01）。在第二 12 周，HP-HF 和 HP-HF-O 比 COSH 摄入更多（P < 0.01）食物（g/d）。COSP 的 BCS 变化从第 21 周到 24 周比 COSH 更大（P < 0.01），但 HP-HF 和 HP-HF-O 没有差异。通过喂养方案比较数据时，HP-HF 和 HP-HF-O 比 COSH 和 COSP 降低血清胆固醇的幅度更大（P < 0.001）。在第二 12 周，所有去势犬的食物摄入量均高于 COSH（P < 0.01）。然而，COSH、HP-HF 和 HP-HF-O 的 BCS 增加幅度低于 COSP（P < 0.001）。HP-HF-O 和 COSH 在第 12 周到 24 周期间的血清瘦素水平相似。COSP 的血清 C 反应蛋白水平高于 HP-HF-O（P ≤ 0.01）。总的来说，与 COSH 相比，COSP 的体脂增加在第 24 周更大（P < 0.05），而 HP-HF 和 HP-HF-O 则处于中间水平。我们的结果表明，高蛋白、高纤维饮食可以限制去势手术后犬的体重增加和体脂肪增加，并降低血清胆固醇、甘油三酯和瘦素浓度。
