Nestlé Purina Research, St. Louis, MO 63164, USA.
J Anim Sci. 2023 Jan 3;101. doi: 10.1093/jas/skad183.
Obesity has become a major health issue in dogs. Obesity in dogs increases the risk of many chronic diseases and chronic low-grade inflammation. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of a therapeutic weight loss (TWL) diet on weight loss and metabolic health in overweight and obese dogs. Thirty overweight and obese dogs were randomized into two groups with 15 dogs per group based on key baseline (BSL) parameters and allotted to either a control or TWL diet for 6 mo. At the start of the study, the control group had six females and nine males with mean age of 9.12 ± 0.48 (mean ± SEM) yr; there were seven females and eight males with mean age of 9.73 ± 0.63 yr in the TWL group. The control group and the TWL group had comparable body weight (34.78 ± 0.76 and 34.63 ± 0.86 kg, respectively), % body fat (BF; 39.77 ± 1.18 and 39.89 ± 0.93, respectively), and body condition score (BCS; 7.80 ± 0.14 and 7.67 ± 0.16 on a 9-point BCS scale, respectively). The control (CTRL) diet was formulated based on the macronutrient ratio of a commercial metabolic diet, and the TWL diet was enriched with dietary protein, fish oil, and soy germ meal. Both diets were fortified with essential nutrients to account for caloric restriction during weight loss. Dogs were fed with 25% less than BSL maintenance energy requirement (MER) for the first 4 mo and if they did not reach a BCS of 5, they were fed 40% less than BSL MER for the last 2 mo. Body composition was determined by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Postprandial glucose profiles were determined by continuous glucose monitoring devices. Serum samples were collected for analyses of blood parameters, hormones, and cytokines. All data were analyzed using SAS 9.3, with significance being P < 0.05. At the end of the study, the control group and the TWL group had comparable weight loss (-5.77 ± 0.31 and -6.14 ± 0.32 kg, respectively; P = 0.4080). But the TWL group lost significantly (P = 0.034) more BF (-13.27 ± 1.28%) than the control group (-9.90 ± 1.23%). In addition, the TWL diet completely prevented loss of lean body mass (LBM) in dogs compared with BSL. Dogs fed with the TWL diet had significantly lower fasting serum cholesterol, triglycerides, insulin, leptin, mean postprandial interstitial glucose, and pro-inflammatory cytokines compared with dogs fed with the CTRL diet. In summary, the TWL diet prevented loss of LBM, promoted weight loss and metabolic health, and reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in overweight and obese dogs during weight loss.
肥胖已成为犬类的主要健康问题。犬类肥胖会增加许多慢性疾病和慢性低度炎症的风险。本研究的目的是确定治疗性减肥（TWL）饮食对超重和肥胖犬减肥和代谢健康的影响。30 只超重和肥胖犬根据关键基线（BSL）参数随机分为两组，每组 15 只，并分配至对照组或 TWL 饮食组，进行 6 个月的试验。研究开始时，对照组有 6 只雌性和 9 只雄性，平均年龄为 9.12±0.48（平均值±SEM）岁；TWL 组有 7 只雌性和 8 只雄性，平均年龄为 9.73±0.63 岁。对照组和 TWL 组的体重（分别为 34.78±0.76 和 34.63±0.86 千克）、体脂肪百分比（BF；分别为 39.77±1.18 和 39.89±0.93）和体况评分（BCS；分别为 7.80±0.14 和 7.67±0.16，BCS 评分范围为 1 至 9）相当。对照组（CTRL）饮食基于商业代谢饮食的宏量营养素比例进行配制，TWL 饮食富含蛋白质、鱼油和大豆胚芽粉。两种饮食均添加了必需营养素，以弥补减肥期间的热量限制。前 4 个月，犬的喂食量为 BSL 维持能量需求（MER）的 25%，如果犬的 BCS 未达到 5，则在最后 2 个月喂食量为 BSL MER 的 40%。采用双能 X 射线吸收仪测定体成分。采用连续血糖监测仪测定餐后血糖谱。采集血清样本进行血液参数、激素和细胞因子分析。所有数据均采用 SAS 9.3 进行分析，P 值<0.05 表示具有统计学意义。研究结束时，对照组和 TWL 组的体重减轻量相当（分别为-5.77±0.31 和-6.14±0.32 千克；P=0.4080）。但是 TWL 组的 BF 减少量（P=0.034）显著高于对照组（-9.90±0.23%）。此外，与 BSL 相比，TWL 饮食完全防止了犬的去脂体重（LBM）丢失。与对照组相比，TWL 饮食组的犬空腹血清胆固醇、甘油三酯、胰岛素、瘦素、平均餐后间质葡萄糖和促炎细胞因子显著降低。总之，TWL 饮食可防止 LBM 丢失，促进超重和肥胖犬减肥和代谢健康，并降低减肥期间犬的促炎细胞因子和趋化因子。
