Manganese accumulation and plant physiology behavior of in response to different levels of potassium fertilization.

The effects of potassium (K) fertilization (KCl, analytically pure; 0, 60, 200, and 400 mg kg) on the growth and Mn accumulation of in two types of Mn-contaminated soils were investigated. The potential mechanisms underlying the impacts of K fertilization were explored. accumulated high amounts of Mn in both soil conditions. The addition of K fertilizer decreased the soil pH and promoted Mn accumulation in . However, the plant biomass decreased significantly under the high level of K fertilization (400 mg kg), and the oxidative stress was stimulated under Mn contamination. But an appropriate concentration of K fertilizer (200 mg kg) was necessary for the formation of photosynthesis pigments, nonenzymatic antioxidants and antioxidant enzymes, metabolic processes, and nutrient uptake. Furthermore, when plants supplemented with a low level of K fertilization (200 mg kg), the catalase activity in leaves was enhanced to alleviate oxidative stress and protect the plant from Mn contamination. Our study demonstrated that 200 mg kg of K fertilizer has the potential to further enhance the efficiency of Mn phytoremediation by .