College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
Popularization Station of Forestry Science Technology of Fujian Province, Fuzhou, 350003, Fujian, China.
BMC Plant Biol. 2023 Aug 2;23(1):378. doi: 10.1186/s12870-023-04352-2.
Most of Camellia oleifera forests have low fruit yield and poor oil quality that are largely associated with soil fertility. Soil physical and chemical properties interact with each other affecting soil fertility and C. oleifera growing under different soil conditions produced different yield and oil composition. Three main soil types were studied, and redundancy, correlation, and double-screening stepwise regression analysis were used for exploring the relationships between C. oleifera nutrients uptake and soil physical and chemical properties, shedding light on the transport law of nutrient elements from root, leaves, and kernel, and affecting the regulation of fruit yield and oil composition.
In the present study, available soil elements content of C. oleifera forest were mainly regulated by water content, pH value, and total N, P and Fe contents. Seven elements (N, P, K, Mg, Cu, Mn and C) were key for kernel's growth and development, with N, P, K, Cu and Mn contents determining 74.0% the yield traits. The transport characteristics of these nutrients from root, leaves to the kernel had synergistic and antagonistic effects. Increasing oil production and unsaturated fatty acid content can be accomplished in two ways: one through increasing N, P, Mg, and Zn contents of leaves by applying corresponding N, P, Mg, Zn foliar fertilizers, while the other through maintaining proper soil moisture content by applying Zn fertilizer in the surface layer and Mg and Ca fertilizer in deep gully.
Soil type controlled nutrient absorption by soil pH, water content and total N, P and Fe content. There were synergistic and antagonistic effects on the inter-organ transport of nutrient elements, ultimately affecting N, P, K, Cu and Mn contents in kernel, which determined the yield and oil composition of C. oleifera.
大多数油茶林果实产量低、油质差，这主要与土壤肥力有关。土壤物理化学性质相互作用，影响土壤肥力，油茶在不同土壤条件下生长，产量和油分组成不同。本研究选择了三种主要土壤类型，采用冗余分析、相关性分析和双筛选逐步回归分析，探讨油茶养分吸收与土壤物理化学性质的关系，揭示了营养元素从根、叶到核的运输规律，以及对果实产量和油分组成的调控。
本研究中，油茶林有效土壤元素含量主要受含水量、pH 值和全氮、磷、铁含量的调节。7 种元素（N、P、K、Mg、Cu、Mn 和 C）对核仁的生长发育起关键作用，N、P、K、Cu 和 Mn 含量决定了 74.0%的产量性状。这些养分从根、叶到核的运输特征具有协同和拮抗作用。通过施用相应的 N、P、Mg、Zn 叶面肥提高叶片中 N、P、Mg 和 Zn 的含量，或通过在表层施 Zn 肥、在深沟施 Mg 和 Ca 肥来保持适当的土壤含水量，均可提高油茶的产油量和不饱和脂肪酸含量。
土壤类型通过土壤 pH 值、含水量和全氮、磷、铁含量控制养分吸收。营养元素在器官间的运输存在协同和拮抗作用，最终影响核仁中 N、P、K、Cu 和 Mn 的含量，从而决定油茶的产量和油分组成。
