Association of Gene Variations in Ionotropic Glutamate Receptor and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in the Chinese Population: A Two-Stage Case-Control Study.

The aim of this study was to comprehensively explore the relationship between genetic variations within GRIN2A, GRIN2B, GRIK1, GRIK4, GRID2, and ADHD. Genotyping was performed with the Sequenom MassARRAY system in a two-stage case-control study. ADHD symptoms were assessed using the Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham version IV scale and the Integrated Visual and Auditory Continuous Performance Test. In silico analysis was performed with website resources. GRID2 rs1385405 showed a significant association with ADHD risk in the codominant model (OR = 2.208, 95% CI = [1.387, 3.515]) in the first stage and in the codominant model (OR = 1.874, 95% CI = [1.225, 2.869]) and recessive model (OR = 1.906, 95% CI = [1.265, 2.873]) in the second stage and related to inattention and hyperactivity symptom. In addition, rs1385405 disturbed the activity of exonic splicing enhancer and mediated GRID2 gene expression in the frontal cortex. our data provided evidence for the participation of GRID2 variants in conferring the risk of ADHD.