Department of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.
Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Laboratory of Translational Neuroscience, Center of Mental Health, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
Transl Psychiatry. 2020 Jan 21;10(1):13. doi: 10.1038/s41398-020-0697-x.
Memory decline can be a devastating disease and increases in aging Western populations. Memory enhancement technologies hold promise for this and other conditions. Approaches include stem cell transplantation, which improved memory in several animal studies as well as vaccination against Alzheimer´s disease (AD) by β-amyloid antibodies. For a positive clinical effect, the vaccine should probably be administered over a long period of time and before amyloid pathologies manifest in the brain. Different drugs, such as erythropoietin or antiplatelet therapy, improve memory in neuropsychiatric diseases or AD or at least in animal studies. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid-rich diets improve memory through the gut-brain axis by altering the gut flora through probiotics. Sports, dancing, and memory techniques (e.g., Method of Loci) utilize behavioral approaches for memory enhancement, and were effective in several studies. Augmented reality (AR) is an auspicious way for enhancing memory in real time. Future approaches may include memory prosthesis for head-injured patients and light therapy for restoring memory in AD. Memory enhancement in humans in health and disease holds big promises for the future. Memory training helps only in mild or no impairment. Clinical application requires further investigation.
记忆衰退可能是一种破坏性疾病，在老龄化的西方人群中发病率不断上升。记忆增强技术有望治疗这种疾病和其他疾病。这些方法包括干细胞移植，在几项动物研究中，这种方法改善了记忆，以及针对阿尔茨海默病（AD）的β-淀粉样蛋白抗体疫苗。为了达到积极的临床效果，疫苗可能需要长期使用，并且在大脑出现淀粉样病理之前使用。不同的药物，如促红细胞生成素或抗血小板治疗，可以改善神经精神疾病或 AD 中的记忆，或者至少在动物研究中如此。富含ω-3 多不饱和脂肪酸的饮食通过益生菌改变肠道菌群，通过肠脑轴改善记忆。运动、跳舞和记忆技巧（例如，位置记忆法）利用行为方法来增强记忆，在多项研究中都取得了成效。增强现实（AR）是实时增强记忆的一种有前途的方法。未来的方法可能包括为头部受伤的患者提供记忆假体，以及用光疗法恢复 AD 患者的记忆。在健康和疾病状态下增强人类的记忆，为未来带来了巨大的希望。记忆训练仅对轻度或无损伤有效。临床应用需要进一步研究。
