带帆船只的趋同进化。

Convergent Evolution of Boats with Sails.

作者信息

Bejan A, Ferber L, Lorente S

机构信息

Duke University, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Box 90300, Durham, NC, 27708-0300, USA.

Lockheed Martin Space, 12257 South Wadsworth Boulevard, Littleton, CO, 80125, USA.

出版信息

Sci Rep. 2020 Feb 17;10(1):2703. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-58940-5.

DOI:10.1038/s41598-020-58940-5

PMID:32066747

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7026400/

Abstract

This article unveils the geometric characteristics of boats with sails of many sizes, covering the range 10-10 kg. Data from one hundred boat models are collected and tabulated. The data show distinct trends of convergent evolution across the entire range of sizes, namely: (i) the proportionality between beam and draft, (ii) the proportionality between overall boat length and beam, and (iii) the proportionality between mast height and overall boat length. The review shows that the geometric aspect ratios (i)-(iii) are predictable from the physics of evolution toward architectures that offer greater flow access through the medium.

摘要

本文揭示了多种尺寸（涵盖10至10千克范围）带帆船只的几何特征。收集了一百个船模的数据并制成表格。数据显示在整个尺寸范围内存在明显的趋同进化趋势，即：（i）船宽与吃水之间的比例关系，（ii）船总长与船宽之间的比例关系，以及（iii）桅杆高度与船总长之间的比例关系。该综述表明，几何长宽比（i）至（iii）可根据向能提供更好介质流动通道的结构进化的物理学原理预测得出。