School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
Int J Biol Macromol. 2020 Jun 1;152:117-125. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.02.156. Epub 2020 Feb 15.
Starch-based nanoparticles (SNPs) have attracted great interest for their ability to encapsulate, protect, and orally deliver bioactive components because of their diverse functionality, high biocompatibility, and environmental friendliness. SNPs can be synthesized with a broad range of particle sizes, ranging from a few nanometers to a few hundred nanometers (approximately 8-448 nm), which is comparable to the dimensions of proteins (1-10 nm), nucleic acids (2 nm wide, 5-100 nm long), viruses (10-500 nm), and cell organelles (5-100 mm). The ability to tune the dimensions and properties of SNPs allows them to be used to construct complexes with various biological entities, thereby altering their functional performance. SNPs can also be used to enhance the solubility of hydrophobic substances and to improve the nutritional attributes of bioactives. For instance, SNPs can be designed to increase the bioavailability of bioactives or to target their delivery to specific regions of the gastrointestinal tract. In this review, we provide an overview of the methods available for preparing SNPs, the application of SNPs for encapsulating and delivering bioactives, and the potential gastrointestinal fate of SNPs.
基于淀粉的纳米颗粒 (SNPs) 因其多功能性、高生物相容性和环境友好性而备受关注，能够封装、保护和口服递送生物活性成分。SNPs 可以合成具有广泛的粒径范围，从几纳米到几百纳米（约 8-448nm），与蛋白质（1-10nm）、核酸（2nm 宽，5-100nm 长）、病毒（10-500nm）和细胞细胞器（5-100mm）的尺寸相当。能够调整 SNPs 的尺寸和性质，使它们能够与各种生物实体构建复合物，从而改变它们的功能性能。SNPs 还可用于提高疏水性物质的溶解度，并改善生物活性物质的营养属性。例如，可以设计 SNPs 来提高生物活性物质的生物利用度，或靶向将其递送到胃肠道的特定区域。在本综述中，我们概述了制备 SNPs 的可用方法、SNPs 用于封装和递送生物活性物质的应用，以及 SNPs 在胃肠道中的潜在命运。
