青少年心理病理学的跨诊断认知风险的广度和影响力。
The breadth and potency of transdiagnostic cognitive risks for psychopathology in youth.
作者信息
Schweizer Tina H, Snyder Hannah R, Young Jami F, Hankin Benjamin L
机构信息
Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
Department of Psychology, Brandeis University.
出版信息
J Consult Clin Psychol. 2020 Mar;88(3):196-211. doi: 10.1037/ccp0000470.
OBJECTIVE
Multiple cognitive risks from different theoretical paradigms (dysfunctional attitudes, negative inferential style, self-criticism, dependency, brooding) predict depression, but may be transdiagnostic vulnerabilities for multiple psychopathologies. Risk factors can be identified as broadly transdiagnostic and relatively specific to psychopathological outcomes by organizing the common and specific aspects of each respective construct using latent bifactor models, and by examining links between dimensions of risk and psychopathology. This study evaluated (a) whether a bifactor model of cognitive vulnerabilities, including a general cognitive risk dimension (c factor) and several specific dimensions replicated in early adolescents ( = 13.50 years) and extended to younger and older youth, and (b) how the general and specific cognitive risk dimensions related to the general psychopathology (p factor) and internalizing- and externalizing-specific dimensions.
METHOD
Community youth ( = 571; 55% female) reported on cognitive risks; youth and a caregiver reported on psychopathologies (depression, anxiety, aggression, conduct, attention problems).
RESULTS
The cognitive risk bifactor model showed good fit and slight advantages over a correlated factors model. The bifactor model exhibited invariance across development and captured key associations that were identified when each individual cognitive risk was related to the bifactor model of psychopathology. The c factor strongly related to internalizing-specific, and moderately to the p factor and externalizing-specific dimensions. Specific cognitive risk dimensions (brooding, negative inferential style, dependency) related to all psychopathology dimensions.
CONCLUSION
A general cognitive vulnerability (c factor) transdiagnostically associates with a breadth of psychopathologies and most potently to internalizing-specific among youth. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
目的
来自不同理论范式的多种认知风险（功能失调态度、消极推理风格、自我批评、依赖、沉思）可预测抑郁症，但可能是多种精神病理学的跨诊断易感性因素。通过使用潜在双因素模型组织每个相关结构的共同和特定方面，并检查风险维度与精神病理学之间的联系，可以将风险因素识别为广泛的跨诊断因素以及对精神病理学结果相对特定的因素。本研究评估了：（a）认知易感性双因素模型，包括一个一般认知风险维度（c因素）和几个在青少年早期（平均年龄=13.50岁）得到复制并扩展到更年轻和更年长青少年的特定维度；（b）一般和特定认知风险维度如何与一般精神病理学（p因素）以及内化和外化特定维度相关。
方法
社区青少年（平均年龄=571岁；55%为女性）报告认知风险；青少年及其照顾者报告精神病理学情况（抑郁症、焦虑症、攻击性、品行问题、注意力问题）。
结果
认知风险双因素模型显示出良好的拟合度，并且比相关因素模型略有优势。双因素模型在不同发育阶段具有不变性，并捕捉到了每个个体认知风险与精神病理学双因素模型相关时所确定的关键关联。c因素与内化特定维度密切相关，与p因素和外化特定维度中度相关。特定认知风险维度（沉思、消极推理风格、依赖）与所有精神病理学维度相关。
结论
一般认知易感性（c因素）在跨诊断上与多种精神病理学相关，在青少年中与内化特定维度关联最为显著。（《心理学文摘数据库记录》（c）2020美国心理学会，保留所有权利）
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