Nucleophosmin1 (NPM1) abnormality in hematologic malignancies, and therapeutic targeting of mutant NPM1 in acute myeloid leukemia.

Nucleophosmin () is an abundant nucleolar protein that is implicated in a variety of biological processes and in the pathogenesis of several human malignancies. For hematologic malignancies, approximately one-third of anaplastic large-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas were found to express a fusion between and the catalytic domain of anaplastic lymphoma receptor tyrosine kinase. About 50-60% of acute myeloid leukemia patients with normal karyotype carry mutations, which are characterized by cytoplasmic dislocation of the protein. Nevertheless, is overexpressed in various hematologic and solid tumor malignancies. overexpression is considered a prognostic marker of recurrence and progression of cancer. Thus, abnormalities play a critical role in several types of hematologic malignancies. This has led to intense interest in the development of an targeting strategy for cancer therapy. The aim of this review is to summarize present knowledge on origin, pathogenesis, and therapeutic interventions in hematologic malignancies.