School of Sport, Exercise and Nutrition, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
Laboratory for Applied Human Physiology, Graduate School of Human Development and Environment, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan.
Eur J Appl Physiol. 2020 Apr;120(4):841-852. doi: 10.1007/s00421-020-04322-8. Epub 2020 Feb 18.
Recent studies have determined that ambient humidity plays a more important role in aerobic performance than dry-bulb temperature does in warm environments; however, no studies have kept humidity constant and independently manipulated temperature. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the contribution of dry-bulb temperature, when vapor pressure was matched, on the thermoregulatory, perceptual and performance responses to a 30-min cycling work trial.
Fourteen trained male cyclists (age: 32 ± 12 year; height: 178 ± 6 cm; mass: 76 ± 9 kg; [Formula: see text]: 59 ± 9 mL kg min; body surface area: 1.93 ± 0.12 m; peak power output: 393 ± 53 W) volunteered, and underwent 1 exercise bout in moderate heat (MOD: 34.9 ± 0.2 °C, 50.1 ± 1.1% relative humidity) and 1 in mild heat (MILD: 29.2 ± 0.2 °C, 69.4 ± 0.9% relative humidity) matched for vapor pressure (2.8 ± 0.1 kPa), with trials counterbalanced.
Despite a higher weighted mean skin temperature during MOD (36.3 ± 0.5 vs. 34.5 ± 0.6 °C, p < 0.01), none of rectal temperature (38.0 ± 0.3 vs. 37.9 ± 0.4 °C, p = 0.30), local sweat rate (1.0 ± 0.3 vs. 0.9 ± 0.4 mg cm min, p = 0.28), cutaneous blood flow (283 ± 116 vs. 287 ± 105 PU, p = 0.90), mean power output (206 ± 37 vs. 205 ± 41 W, p = 0.87) or total work completed (371 ± 64 vs. 369 ± 70 kJ, p = 0.77) showed any difference between environments during the work trial. However, all perceptual measures (perceived exertion, thermal discomfort, thermal sensation, skin wettedness, pleasantness, all p < 0.05) were affected detrimentally during MOD compared to MILD.
In a warm and compensable environment, dry-bulb temperature did not influence high-intensity cycling performance when vapor pressure was maintained, whilst the perceptual responses were affected.
最近的研究表明，在温暖环境中，环境湿度对有氧运动表现的影响比干球温度更大；然而，尚无研究保持湿度恒定并独立地控制温度。因此，本研究的目的是确定在匹配蒸汽压的情况下，当干球温度对 30 分钟的自行车运动试验的体温调节、知觉和运动表现的贡献。
14 名训练有素的男性自行车运动员（年龄：32±12 岁；身高：178±6cm；体重：76±9kg；[公式：见正文]：59±9mLkgmin；体表面积：1.93±0.12m；最大功率输出：393±53W）自愿参加了研究，并在中度热环境（MOD：34.9±0.2°C，50.1±1.1%相对湿度）和轻度热环境（MILD：29.2±0.2°C，69.4±0.9%相对湿度）下各进行了一次运动试验，两次试验的蒸汽压（2.8±0.1kPa）相匹配，试验顺序是平衡的。
尽管 MOD 时加权平均皮肤温度更高（36.3±0.5 与 34.5±0.6°C，p<0.01），但直肠温度（38.0±0.3 与 37.9±0.4°C，p=0.30）、局部出汗率（1.0±0.3 与 0.9±0.4mgcmmin，p=0.28）、皮肤血流（283±116 与 287±105PU，p=0.90）、平均功率输出（206±37 与 205±41W，p=0.87）或完成的总工作量（371±64 与 369±70kJ，p=0.77）在运动试验中均无差异。然而，与 MILD 相比，MOD 时所有知觉测量（感觉用力程度、热不适、热感觉、皮肤湿润感、舒适度，均 p<0.05）都受到不利影响。
在温暖且可补偿的环境中，当保持蒸汽压时，干球温度不会影响高强度的自行车运动表现，而知觉反应则会受到影响。
