Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Peking University/Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China.
Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Nobels väg 12A, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
Biol Trace Elem Res. 2020 Dec;198(2):380-389. doi: 10.1007/s12011-020-02075-1. Epub 2020 Feb 18.
Mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd), and arsenic (As) concentrations in women were measured and compared to evaluate the effects of environmental heavy-metal pollution control on internal exposure levels. In 2005 and 2012, 200 and 182 women, respectively, were enrolled in the study. Demographic and diet information were collected using a questionnaire. Fasting venous blood samples were collected, and plasma concentrations of Hg, Cd, and As were measured using inductive coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The median concentrations (P-P) of Hg, Cd, and As decreased from 0.56 (0.46-0.75) ng/mL, 0.14 (0.09-0.21) ng/mL, and 0.83 (0.66-1.09) ng/mL in 2005 to 0.39 (0.19-0.66) ng/mL, 0.09 (0.05-0.13) ng/mL, and 0.48 (0.29-0.72) ng/mL in 2012, respectively. The difference in plasma metal concentrations between measurements in 2005 and 2012 remained statistically significant after we adjusted for confounders. The adjusted ORs were 0.31 (0.16-0.60), 0.24 (0.12-0.48), and 0.25 (0.13-0.50) for Hg, Cd, and As concentrations, respectively, in 2012, relative to those in 2005. The levels of Hg, Cd, and As were 30% to 40% lower in 2012 than in 2005, indicative of lower human internal exposure to these contaminants due to the implementation of environmental pollution control. Engagement with agriculture and high-frequency water product consumption were associated with high Hg levels, and a high frequency of consumption of fresh fruit and eggs was negatively associated with lower levels of Cd in plasma.
汞（Hg）、镉（Cd）和砷（As）在女性体内的浓度进行了测量和比较，以评估环境重金属污染控制对内部暴露水平的影响。2005 年和 2012 年，分别有 200 名和 182 名女性参与了这项研究。采用问卷收集了人口统计学和饮食信息。采集空腹静脉血样，采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法测量血浆中 Hg、Cd 和 As 的浓度。2005 年，Hg、Cd 和 As 的中位数（P-P）浓度分别为 0.56（0.46-0.75）ng/mL、0.14（0.09-0.21）ng/mL 和 0.83（0.66-1.09）ng/mL，2012 年分别降至 0.39（0.19-0.66）ng/mL、0.09（0.05-0.13）ng/mL 和 0.48（0.29-0.72）ng/mL。调整混杂因素后，2005 年和 2012 年测量的血浆金属浓度差异仍具有统计学意义。Hg、Cd 和 As 浓度的调整后 OR 分别为 0.31（0.16-0.60）、0.24（0.12-0.48）和 0.25（0.13-0.50），表明 2012 年相对于 2005 年，这些污染物的人体内部暴露水平降低了 30%至 40%。由于实施了环境污染控制，2012 年 Hg、Cd 和 As 的水平比 2005 年降低了 30%至 40%，表明人类对这些污染物的内部暴露水平降低。从事农业活动和高频水产品消费与高 Hg 水平有关，而高频食用新鲜水果和鸡蛋与血浆中 Cd 水平较低呈负相关。
